Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

bio 213 > ch 7 pt 1 > Flashcards

ch 7 pt 1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

process by which DNA is copied into RNA

A

transcription

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

process of using RNA to make protein

A

translation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

RNA splicing

A

a process in eukaryotic cells in which segments of an RNA transcript are removed and the remaining segments stitched back together before the RNA is translated into a protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how does RNA differ from DNA

A
  1. contains the sugar ribose (not deoxyribose)
  2. contains uracil instead of thymine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the RNA chain produced by transcription called

A

the RNA transcript

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

most mature RNA are no more than

A

a few thousand nucleotides (DNA has 250 million)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what does RNA polymerase do

A

catalyze the formation of phosphodiester bonds that link the nucleotides together and form the phosphate sugar backbone of the RNA chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

understand

A

okay

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what do RNA polymerases not need that DNA polymerases do

A

primer and helicase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is a messenger RNA (mRNA)

A

the RNA molecules encoded by genes that specify the amino acid sequences of proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what do ribosomal RNA (rRNA) do (PROKARYOTES)

A

form the core of the ribosomes structure and catalyze protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what do micro RNA (miRNA) do (PROKARYOTES)

A

regulate gene expression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what do transfer RNA (tRNA) do (PROKARYOTES)

A

serve as adaptors between mRNA and amino acids during protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what do other noncoding RNA do (PROKARYOTES)

A

they are used in RNA splicing, gene regulation, telomere maintenance, etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

where does transcription of DNA to RNA begin and end (PROKARYOTES)

A

they begin at promoters and end at terminators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the coding strand of DNA is complimentary to the

A

RNA strand being made

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

RNA polymerase can synthesize RNA

A

de novo

18
Q

what is a sigma factor (PROKARYOTES)

A

a sigma factor is smth attached to the RNA polymerase, it finds and binds to the promoter sequences, it rebinds to RNA polymerase after it reaches the terminal sequences

19
Q

promoter sequences contain a lot of what

A

Adenine and Thymine

20
Q

understand

A

okay

21
Q

terminal sequences contain a lot of what

A

cytosine and guanine

22
Q

what is the start site number (PROKARYOTES)

A

+1

23
Q

what are the promoter sequences numbers (PROKARYOTES)

A

-10, -35

24
Q

understand

A

okay

25
Q

what determines which strand is the template strand (PROKARYOTES)

A

the polarity of promoter sequences

26
Q

what genes does RNA polymerase I transcribe (EUKARYOTES)

A

most rRNA genes

27
Q

what genes does RNA polymerase II transcribe (EUKARYOTES)

A

all protein-coding genes, miRNA genes, plus genes for other noncoding RNA (ex: splicesome)

28
Q

what genes does RNA polymerase III transcribe (EUKARYOTES)

A

tRNA genes, 5S are RNA gene, genes for many other small RNAs

29
Q

how does eukaryotic RNA polymerase differ from bacterial RNA polymerase

A
  1. there are three kinds of eukaryotic RNA polymerase
  2. eukaryotic RNA polymerase can initiate transcription on its own
    3 eukaryotic RNA polymerase must pack DNA into nucleosomes
30
Q

understand

A

okay

31
Q

what is the general transcription factor for the tata box at -30

A

TBP (subunit of TFIID)

32
Q

three steps to processing mRNA

A
  1. methylated guanine nucleotide is added to the 5’ end of the molecule; 5’ cap
  2. polyadenylation adds adenine nucleotides to the 3’ end of the molecule; 3’ polyAtail
  3. noncoding intervening sequences are removed from the coding sequence; introns are removed and exons are spliced together
33
Q

what ads the 5’ cap

A

a capping enzyme

34
Q

understand

A

okay

35
Q

the more introns a gene has

A

the more chance for it to be mutated because it has to splice each one out

36
Q

what are the loops that introns form before they are spliced called

A

latiats

37
Q

understand

A

okay

38
Q

understand

A

okay

39
Q

what is alternative splicing

A

splicing in different ways to create different proteins

40
Q

what signals the beginning and end of an intron that needs to be spliced

A

GU at the 5’ end and AG at the 3’ end

41
Q

understand

A

okay

42
Q

how do ribosomes and mRNA travel from nucleus to the cytoplasm for translation

A

nuclear pores

bio 213 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions