Ch 7 Physiological Tests of the Auditory System

Question 0

Static Acoustic Compliance

Answer 0

A test that measures the mobility of the tympanic membrane in response to a given value of air pressure in the external ear canal

Question 1

Acoustic Immittance Measurements

Answer 1

1) Static Acoustic Compliance
2) Tympanometry
3) Acoustic Reflex

Question 2

Tympanometry Measurement

Answer 2

A measurement of middle ear pressure, determined by the mobility of the membrane as a function of various amounts of positive and negative air pressure in the external ear canal

Question 3

Acoustic Reflex

Answer 3

Contraction of the middle ear muscles in response to intense sounds, which has the effect of stiffening the middle ear system and decreasing its static acoustic compliance

Question 4

Reactance

Answer 4

The combination of mass and stiffness

Question 5

Tympanogram

Answer 5

A graph used to measure tympanic membrane movement during Tympanometry

Question 6

Type A Tympanogram

Answer 6

Normal tympanogram

Question 7

Type A^s Tympanogram

Answer 7

Similar to Type A, except compliance is lower due to stiffness of the tympanic membrane

Question 8

Type A^d Tympanogram

Answer 8

Similar to Type A tympanogram, except compliance is much higher, indicating flaccidity of the tympanic membrane or separation of the chain of middle ear bones

Question 9

Type B Tympanogram

Answer 9

This tympanogram flatlines for the most part due to a fluid-filled middle ear

Question 10

Type C Tympanogram

Answer 10

Similar to Type A tympanogram, except that the peak compliance is at a lower pressure, indicating negative middle ear pressure

Question 11

Acoustic reflex muscles

Answer 11

The tensor tympani muscle and the stapedius muscle

Question 12

Reflex-activating stimulus (RAS)

Answer 12

The signal used t produce the acoustic reflex, which can be any kind of sound from a pure tone to a noise band

Question 13

Acoustic Reflex Threshold (ART)

Answer 13

The lowest level at which an acoustic reflex can be obtained

Question 14

Acoustic Reflex Decay

Answer 14

When the stapedius muscle gradually relaxes after the acoustic reflex has been triggered

Question 15

Otoacoustic Emissions (OAE)

Answer 15

When the hair cells in the cochlea vibrate producing a small sound that can be used to detect whether the cochlea works or not

Question 16

Spontaneous Otoacoustic Emissions (SOAEs)

Answer 16

When a normal cochlea produces sound in the absence of external stimulation

Question 17

Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions (EOAEs)

Answer 17

When the cochlea produces sound either during or immediately following acoustic stimulation

Question 18

Transient-Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions (TEOAEs)

Answer 18

Produced by brief acoustic stimuli, such as clicks or tone pips. This is used to test the cochlea and determine if there is a hearing loss or not. A abnormal response reveals damage to any part of the hearing system up to the cochlea, but not past it. A normal response reveals that the cochlea is functioning, but does not diagnose the hearing issue.

Question 19

Electrocochleography (ECoG)

Answer 19

The measurement of electrical responses in the brain (Auditory Evoked Potentials (AEP)) using electrodes attached to the scalp.

Question 20

Auditory Evoked Potentials (AEP)

Answer 20

The electrical responses in the brain from sound that are measured during an electrocochleography.

Question 21

Latency

Answer 21

The time period that elapses between the introduction of a stimulus and the occurrence of the response

Question 22

Amplitude

Answer 22

The strength or magnitude of the AEP

Question 23

Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR)

Answer 23

AEPs that occur within 10-15 milliseconds after the introduction of a signal that are believed to originate in the VIIIth cranial nerve and the brain stem

Question 24

Auditory Middle Latency Response (AMLR)

Answer 24

An AEP occurring from 15-60 milliseconds in latency

Question 25

Auditory Late Response (ALR)

Answer 25

AEPs that occurs between 50-200 milliseconds

Question 26

Auditory Event Related Potentials (ERP)

Answer 26

AEPs that occur between 220-600 milliseconds

Question 27

Recruitment

Answer 27

When a person cannot hear below a certain intensity, but can hear perfectly fine over that intensity. For example, a person may not be able to hear from 60 dB and below, but once 60 dB is reached, they hear that sound at that specific intensity. Hearing aids are not a good option for these patients.

Question 28

Decruitment

Answer 28

When intensity of sounds cannot be differentiated

Question 29

Tone Decay

Answer 29

When a tone that is heard, even at 5 dB above threshold, the sound dies away quickly