Ch 7 Notes

Question 1

Electromagnetic Radiation

Answer 1

Radiant energy

A form of energy which has wave characteristics and moves through a vacuum at the speed of light

Question 2

C = λ • v

Answer 2

speed of light = wavelength • frequency

Question 3

Amplitude

Answer 3

Height of a wave

Question 4

Node

Answer 4

Point of 0 amplitude

Distance between 2 nodes is half a wavelength

Question 5

What does Planck’s Equation state?

Answer 5

Energy of a vibrating system is proportional to the frequency of vibration

Question 6

Photon

Answer 6

The smallest particle of light

Question 7

As frequency (v) increases

Answer 7

Energy (E) increases

Question 8

As wavelength (λ) decreases

Answer 8

Energy (E) increases

Question 9

Principal Quantum Number

Answer 9

Shell
Distance from nucleus
Size of orbital

Question 10

Angular Momentum Quantum Number

Answer 10

Subshell

Shape of orbital

Question 11

Magnetic Quantum Number

Answer 11

Orientation of orbital within subshell

Question 12

The energy of the electron in the atom is?

Answer 12

Quantized

Question 13

Gamma rays have the highest energy and smallest wavelength and high frequency

Answer 13

Radio waves have less energy and longer wavelengths and low frequency

Question 14

Wavelength (lambda)

Answer 14

Distance between successive waves

Question 15

Frequency (v)

Answer 15

Number of complete wavelengths or cycles passing a given point in 1 second

Question 16

ROY G BIV

Answer 16

Violet more energy

Red longer wavelength

Question 17

E = h•v

Answer 17

Energy = Plancks Constant • Frequency

Question 18

Monochromatic

Answer 18

Light of only one wavelength

Question 19

Energy possessed by a single electron in the nth orbit of H atom
(equation)

Answer 19

En = - (Rhc) / (n•n)

Rydberg constant • Plancks constant • Speed of light

Question 20

En = - (Rhc) (Z•Z) / (n•n)

Answer 20

Multiply by the atomic number squared to give you the energy of an electron in a different element

Question 21

Why does the energy of an electron have a negative value?

Answer 21

Coulombs law

Attraction between oppositely charged bodies

Question 22

As the energy of an electron becomes more negative?

Answer 22

The attraction becomes stronger

Question 23

The energy of an electron becomes less negative when?

Answer 23

The quantum number increases

The distance between the electron and nucleus is greater

Question 24

Ground state

Answer 24

Electron in n = 1 orbit
Closest to nucleus
Most negative energy

Question 25

Excited state

Answer 25

Electron in an orbit when n > 1

Question 26

Ionization Energy

Answer 26

Energy needed to remove a single electron from the atom

Question 27

If the change in energy is positive?

Answer 27

Then energy is absorbed

The electron goes from a lower energy state to a higher energy state

Question 28

If the change in energy is negative?

Answer 28

Then energy is emitted

The electron moves from a higher energy state to a lower energy state

Question 29

The atomic spectra is?

Answer 29

The movement of electrons between quantized energy states

Question 30

Describe the wave properties of the electron (equation)

de Broglie

Answer 30

Lambda = Plancks constant / (mass • velocity)

h/(m•v)

Question 31

wave-particle duality

Answer 31

Particles can have properties of waves

Particle and wave properties cannot be measured at the same time

Question 32

Uncertainty Principle

Answer 32

It is impossible to fix both the position of an electron and it’s energy with any degree of certainty
PROBABILITY
Energy is more important

Question 33

Electron Density

Answer 33

The probability that an electron will be found at a location

High probability of finding an electron are high electron density areas

Question 34

Orbital

Answer 34

A region of space where an electron of a given energy can most likely be found

Question 35

Quantum Numbers

Answer 35

Integers that help define the location of where an electron is likely to be found

Question 36

Value of l - Subshell label

Answer 36

0 - s
1 - p
2 - d
3 - f

Question 37

Valence electrons

Answer 37

Electrons with highest value of n