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AP Chemistry > Ch 1 Notes > Flashcards

Ch 1 Notes Flashcards

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1
Q

Chemistry is?

A

The study of properties of matter and the changes matter undergoes

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2
Q

What do chemists do?

A

They study components of matter and their relative amounts, how components can be separated, and how mixing a substance with another changes the properties of that substance

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3
Q

Matter is?

A

Anything that occupies space and has mass

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4
Q

Heterogeneous

A

Nonuniform

Uneven texture, different components that can be seen under a microscope

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5
Q

Homogeneous

A

Uniform - Solutions

Two or more substances in the same state, same properties in all regions

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6
Q

Pure Substance

A

Fixed composition
Distinct properties
Free of impurities, cannot be separated by any physical technique

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7
Q

Solutions

A

Homogeneous mixture

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8
Q

Compounds

A

Elements united in fixed ratios by a chemical bond
Elemental properties change
% Composition by mass is always the same

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9
Q

Elements

A

Cannot be subdivided by chemical or physical processes

Substances composed of only one type of atom

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10
Q

Kinetic-Molecular Theory

A

All matter exists of extremely tiny particles which are in constant motion
Higher temp means faster movement

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11
Q

Solids

A

Particles packed closely together in a regular array

Vibration happens but particles do not move past each other - rigid substance

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12
Q

Liquids

A

Particles arranged randomly, fluid, particles are not confined to a specific spot, can move past each other

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13
Q

Gases

A

Particles under normal conditions are far apart, particles move rapidly because they’re not constrained. Random motion allows particles to fill the container.

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14
Q

Macroscopic

A

Observations and experiments; changes we can see

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15
Q

Particulate (submicroscopic)

A

Atoms and molecules are modeled using symbols

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16
Q

Separation

A

Used to purify physical or chemical properties

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17
Q

Filtration

A

Uses differences in solubility

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18
Q

Evaporation

A

Uses solute and solvent differences

19
Q

Distillation

A

Uses differences in boiling point

20
Q

Chromatography

A

Uses differences in ability to adhere to surfaces

21
Q

Fractional Crystallization

A

Uses differences in solubility at different temperatures

22
Q

Atoms

A

Smallest particle of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element

23
Q

Molecules

A

Smallest discrete units that retain the composition and chemical characteristics of a compound

24
Q

Physical Properties

A

color - state - melting point - density - boiling point - solubility - conductivity - malleability - ductility - viscosity
Can be measured without changing the identity of the substance

25
Q

Temperature Dependence

A

The numerical values for some physical properties will change with temperature

26
Q

Extensive Properties

A

Dependent on the amount of substance

27
Q

Intensive Properties

A

Independent of the amount of substance

28
Q

Physical Changes

A

Changes in appearance or state while preserving identity of a substance

29
Q

Chemical Changes

A

Changes where the identity of a substance is altered through a chemical reaction where reactants are transformed into products described by a chemical equation

30
Q

Precision

A

How well multiple determinations agree with each other

31
Q

Accuracy

A

Agreement of a measurement with an accepted value for that element

32
Q

Standard Deviation

A

A measure of precision

33
Q

True or False

The mass and number of atoms in a chemical reaction is conserved?

A

True

34
Q

True or False

The molecules and number of moles in a chemical equation is constant

A

False

35
Q

Temperature Dependence

A

The numerical values for some physical properties will change with temperature

36
Q

Extensive Properties

A

Dependent on the amount of substance

37
Q

Intensive Properties

A

Independent of the amount of substance

38
Q

Physical Changes

A

Changes in appearance or state while preserving identity of a substance

39
Q

Chemical Changes

A

Changes where the identity of a substance is altered through a chemical reaction where reactants are transformed into products described by a chemical equation

40
Q

Precision

A

How well multiple determinations agree with each other

41
Q

Accuracy

A

Agreement of a measurement with an accepted value for that element

42
Q

Standard Deviation

A

A measure of precision

43
Q

True or False

The mass and number of atoms in a chemical reaction is conserved?

A

True

44
Q

True or False

The molecules and number of moles in a chemical equation is constant

A

False

AP Chemistry (7 decks)

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