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Intro. To Medical Terminology > Ch. 7 Nervous System Terms And Conditions > Flashcards

Ch. 7 Nervous System Terms And Conditions Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Agents that relieves pain by blocking nerve sensations

A

Anesthetic

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2
Q

Agents that induces sleep

A

Hypnotic

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3
Q

Agents that relieves feelings of agitation

A

Sedative

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4
Q

Agents that relieve pain by inducing a stuporous or euphoric state

A

Narcotics

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5
Q

Agent that lessens or prevents convulsions

A

Anticonvulsant

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6
Q

Agent that relieves or eliminates pain

A

Analgesics

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7
Q

Surgical severing of the vagus nerve

A

Vagotomy

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8
Q

Suturing of a severed nerve

A

Neurorrhaphy

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9
Q

Dissection of a nerve

A

Neurotomy

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10
Q

Surgical removal of a nerve

A

Neurectomy

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11
Q

Surgical repair of a nerve

A

Neuroplasty

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12
Q

Destruction of deep-seated brain structures using 3D coordinates to locate the structures

A

Stereotaxy / stereotactic surgery

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13
Q

Incision into the skull

A

Craniotomy

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14
Q

Removal of a part of the skull

A

Craniectomy

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15
Q

Incision into the frontal lobe of the brain

A

Lobotomy

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16
Q
  1. Removal of one of the lobes of the lung
  2. Removal of a portion of the brain to treat certain disorders
A

Lobectomy

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17
Q

Nervous system disorder that causes uncontrollable, sudden lapses into deep sleep

A

Narcolepsy

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18
Q

Extreme sleepiness caused by a neurological disorder

A

Somnolence

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19
Q

Loss of consciousness due to a sudden lack of oxygen in the brain

A

Fainting / syncope

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20
Q

Loss of speech

A

Aphasia

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21
Q

Speech difficulty

A

Dysphasia

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22
Q

Abnormal widening of an artery wall that bursts and released blood; ballooning of the artery wall caused by weakness in the wall

A

Aneurysm

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23
Q

Stroke caused by blood escaping from a damaged cerebral artery

A

Hemorrhagic stroke

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24
Q

Mass of foreign material blocking a vessel; clot from somewhere in the body that blocks a small blood vessel in the brain

A

Embolus

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25
Q

Sudden stroke caused by an embolus

A

Embolic stroke

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26
Q

Short neurological incident usually not resulting in permanent injury, but usually signaling that a larger stroke may occur

A

Transient ischemic attack (TIA)

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27
Q

Stroke caused by a thrombus

A

Thrombotic stroke

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28
Q

Blocking of a blood vessel, the closing of a blood vessel

A

Occlusion

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29
Q

Blood clot; stationary blood clot in the cardiovascular system, usually formed from matter found in the blood

A

Thrombus

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30
Q

Neurological incident caused by disruption in the normal blood supply to the brain; stroke

A

Cerebro vascular accident

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31
Q

Any group of nerve cell bodies forming a mass or a cyst in the peripheral nervous system; usually forms in the wrist

A

Ganglion

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32
Q

Most malignant form of glioma

A

Glioblastoma multiforme

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33
Q

Type of glioma formed from oligodendroglia

A

Oligodendroglioma

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34
Q

Type of glioma formed from astrocytes

A

Astrocytoma

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35
Q

Tumor that arises from the meninges

A

Meningioma

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36
Q
  1. Pain in the lower back, radiating down the leg, from a herniated disk or other injury/condition
  2. Inflammation of the sciatic nerve
A

Sciatica

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37
Q

Inflammation of the spinal nerve roots

A

Radiculitis

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38
Q

Meningitis caused by a virus and not as severe as pyrogenic meningitis

A

Viral meningitis

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39
Q

Meningitis caused by bacteria, can be fatal; bacterial meningitis

A

Pyrogenic meningitis

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40
Q

Inflammation of the meninges

A

Meningitis

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41
Q

Viral disease affecting peripheral nerves and caused by herpes zoster

A

Shingles

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42
Q

Neurological disorder that causes uncontrollable speech sounds and tics

A

Tourette syndrome

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43
Q

Severe epileptic seizure accompanied by convulsion, twitching, and loss of consciousness

A

Grand mal seizure

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44
Q

Severe epileptic seizure accompanied by convulsions, twitching, and loss of consciousness

A

Tonic-clonic seizure

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45
Q

Mild epileptic seizure consisting of brief disorientation with the environment

A

Petit mal seizure

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46
Q

Mild epileptic seizure consisting of brief disorientation with the environment

A

Absence seizure

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47
Q

Group of symptoms that precede a seizure

A

Aura

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48
Q

Chronic recurrent seizure activity

A

Epilepsy

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49
Q

Condition with uncoordinated voluntary muscular movements, usually resulting from disorders of the cerebellum or spinal cord

A

Ataxia

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50
Q

Paralysis of one side of the face; usually temporary

A

Bell’s palsy

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51
Q

Congenital disease caused by damage to the cerebrum during gestation or birth and resulting in a lack of motor coordination

A

Cerebral palsy

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52
Q

Partial or complete paralysis

A

Palsy

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53
Q

Substance in the brain or manufactured substance that helps relieve symptoms of Parkinson’s disease

A

Dopamine

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54
Q

Degeneration of the nerves in the brain caused by lack of sufficient dopamine

A

Parkinson disease

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55
Q

Disease involving overproduction of antibodies that block certain neurotransmitters; caused muscle weakness

A

Myasthenia gravis

56
Q

Abnormal sensation, such as tingling

A

Parasthesia

57
Q

Destruction of myelin sheath, particularly in multiple sclerosis

A

Demyelination

58
Q

Degenerative disease with loss of myelin, resulting in muscle weakness, extreme fatigue, and some paralysis

A

Multiple sclerosis

59
Q

Hereditary disorder with uncontrollable, jerking movements

A

Huntington chorea

60
Q

Degenerative disease of the motor neurons leading to the loss of muscular control and death

A

Lou Gehrig disease

61
Q

Degenerative disease of the motor neurons leading to the loss of muscular control and death

A

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

62
Q

Inability to receive and understand outside stimuli

A

Agnosia

63
Q

Inability to properly use familiar objects

A

Apraxia

64
Q

Loss of memory

A

Amnesia

65
Q

A type of degenerative brain disease causing thought disorders, gradual loss of muscle control, and, eventually, death

A

Alzheimer’s disease

66
Q

Deterioration in mental capacity, usually in the elderly

A

Dementia

67
Q

Overproduction of fluid in the brain

A

Hydrocephalus

68
Q

Hereditary disease that causes deterioration in the central nervous system and, eventually, death

A

Tay-Sachs disease

69
Q

In spina bifida cyst is, protrusion of the meninges and spinal cord above the surface of the skin

A

Meningimyelocele

70
Q

Congenital defect with deformity of the spinal column

A

Spina bifida

71
Q

Withdrawal of cerebrospinal fluid from between 2 lumbar vertebrae

A

Lumbar puncture

72
Q

Reflex on the plantar surface of the foot

A

Babinski reflex

73
Q

Involuntary muscular contraction in response to a stimulus

A

Reflex

74
Q

Brain images produced by the use of sound waves

A

Transcranial sonogram

75
Q

Record of the radio graphic study of the brain

A

Encephalogram

76
Q

X-ray of the brain’s blood vessels after a dye is injected

A

Cerebral angiogram

77
Q

X-ray of the spinal cord after a contrast medium has been injected

A

Myelogram

78
Q

Radio graphic imaging that produces cross-sectional images

A

Computerized (axial) tomography

(CT or CAT)

79
Q

Type of nuclear image that reveals how tissues and organs are functioning. It can also detect diseases and abnormal metabolic activity.

A

Positron emission tomography brain scan
(PET)

80
Q

Brain image produced by the use of radioactive isotopes

A

Single-photon emission computed tomography brain scan
(SPECT)

81
Q

Recording of electrical and movement patterns during sleep

A

Polysomnography (PSG)

82
Q

Timing of the conductivity of an electrical shock administered to peripheral nerves

A

Nerve conduction velocity

83
Q

Record of the electrical impulses of the brain

A

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

84
Q

In Spina bifida cyst is, protrusion of the spinal meninges above the surface of the skin

A

Meningocele

85
Q

Pain in the head

A

Cephalgia

86
Q

Incision into the thalamus

A

Thalamotomy

87
Q

Abnormal growth of neuroglia in the brain or spinal column

A

Gliomatosis

88
Q

Softening of the spinal cord

A

Myelomalacia

89
Q

Relating to the face and the cranium

A

Craniofacial

90
Q

Inflammation of a nerve

A

Neuritis

91
Q

Inflammation of the ventricles of the brain

A

Ventriculitis

92
Q

Having the shape of a ganglion

A

Gangliform

93
Q

Inflammation of the cerebellum

A

Cerebellitis

94
Q

Surgical severing of the vagus nerve

A

Vagotomy

95
Q

Inflammation of the brain

A

Encephalitis

96
Q

Part of the autonomic nervous system that operates when the body is in a normal state

A

Parasympathetic nervous system

97
Q

Part of the autonomic nervous system that operates when the body is under stress

A

Sympathetic nervous system

98
Q

Part of the peripheral nervous system that carries impulses from the central nervous system to glands, smooth muscles, and veinous membranes

A

Autonomic nervous system

99
Q

Part of the peripheral nervous system that received and processes sensory input from various parts of the body

A

Somatic nervous system

100
Q

Any of 31 pairs of nerves that carry messages to and from the spinal cord and the torso and extremities

A

Spinal nerves

101
Q

Any of 12 pairs of nerves that carry impulses to and from the brain

A

Cranial nerves

102
Q

Area between the pia matter and the bones of the spinal cord

A

Epidural space

103
Q

Innermost layer of meninges

A

Pia matter

104
Q

Area between the dura matter and the pia matter across which the arachnoid runs

A

Subdural space

105
Q

Middle layer of meninges

A

Arachnoid

106
Q

Outermost layer of the meninges

A

Dura matter

107
Q

3 layers of membranes that cover and protect the brain and the spinal cord

A

Meninges

108
Q
  1. Either of 2 chambers of the heart
  2. Cavity in the brain for cerebrospinal fluid
A

Ventricles

109
Q

4 parts of the diencephalon; serve as sensory relay stations

A

Ventral thalamus
Epithalamus
Hypothalamus (also a gland that releases hormones to regulate pituitary hormones)
Thalamus

110
Q

1 of 4 structures of the brain; it is the deep portion of the brain and contains the thalamus

A

Diencephalon

111
Q

Bridge of nerve fibers that connect the two hemispheres of the cerebrum

A

Corpus callosum

112
Q

Controls memory, equilibrium, emotion, and hearing

A

Temporal lobe

113
Q

Controls and interprets the senses and taste

A

Parietal lobe

114
Q

Controls voluntary motor movements, emotional expression, and moral behavior

A

Frontal lobe

115
Q

Large masses of grey matter within the cerebrum

A

Basal ganglia

116
Q

Outer portion of the cerebrum

A

Cerebral cortex

117
Q

1 of 4 main divisions of the brain; division involved with emotions, memory, conscious thought, moral behavior, sensory interpretation, and certain bodily movement.

A

Cerebrum

118
Q

1 of 4 major divisions of the brain; division that coordinates musculoskeletal movement

A

Cerebellum

119
Q

Part of the brain stem that regulates heart and lung functions, swallowing, vomiting, coughing, and sneezing

A

Medulla oblongata

120
Q

Part of the brainstem that controls certain respiratory functions

A

Pons

121
Q

Part of the brainstem involved with visual reflexes

A

Midbrain

122
Q

Tissue or organ that receives nerve impulses; part of a target cell with properties compatible with a particular substance

A

Receptor

123
Q

Hormone produced in response to stress

A

Norepinephrine

124
Q

Chemical that stimulates cells

A

Acetylcholine

125
Q

Bundles of neurons that bear electrical messages to the organs and muscles of the body

A

Nerve

126
Q

Carry and process sensory information

A

Interneurons

127
Q

Carry information from sensory receptors to the central nervous system

A

Afferent neurons

128
Q

Convey information to the muscle and glands from the central nervous system

A

Efferent neurons

129
Q

Various substances located in tiny sacs areas the end of the axon

A

Neurotransmitters

130
Q

Space over which the nerve impulses jump from one neuron to another

A

Synapse

131
Q

Groups of fibers at the end of an axon that passes the impulse leaving the neuron to the neuron

A

Terminal end fibers

132
Q

Fatty tissue that covers axons

A

Myelin sheath

133
Q

Part of a nerve cell that conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body

A

Axon

134
Q

Thin branching extension of a nerve cell that conducts nerve impulses toward the cell body

A

Dendrites

135
Q

Basic element of the nervous system

A

Nerve cell / neuron

Intro. To Medical Terminology (13 decks)

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