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Intro. To Medical Terminology > Ch. 6 Muculoskeletal System Conditions & Terms > Flashcards

Ch. 6 Muculoskeletal System Conditions & Terms Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Reduces inflammation (another name for anti-inflammatory)

A

Corticosteroid

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2
Q

Reduces pain

A

Analgesic

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3
Q

Removal of part of a vertebra

A

Laminectomy

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4
Q

The removal of a bunion

A

Bunionectomy

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5
Q

Removal of a bursa

A

Bursectomy

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6
Q

Fusion of two or more spinal vertebrae

A

Spondylosyndesis

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7
Q

Surgical fusion of a joint to stiffen it

A

Arthrodesis

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8
Q

Removal of all or part of a joint’s synovial membrane

A

Synovectomy

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9
Q

Removal of fluid from between a joint

A

Arthrocentesis

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10
Q

Repair of a joint

A

Arthroplasty

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11
Q

Repair of a muscle

A

Myoplasty

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12
Q

Incision into a tendon

A

Tenotomy

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13
Q

Incision into a bone

A

Osteotomy

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14
Q

External appliance used to immobilize or assist the movement of the spine or limbs

A

Orthosis

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15
Q

Abnormal lateral curvature of the spinal column

A

Scoliosis

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16
Q

Abnormal anterior spine curvature resulting in a sway back

A

Lordosis

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17
Q

Abnormal posterior spine curvature

A

Kyphosis

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18
Q

Malignant tumor of the bone

A

Osteosarcoma

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19
Q

Benign bone tumor, usually on the skull or mandible

A

Osteoma

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20
Q

Benign muscle tumor

A

Myoma

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21
Q

Bone marrow tumor

A

Myeloma

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22
Q

Inflammation of the bone marrow and surrounding bone

A

Osteomyelitis

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23
Q

Noise made by the rubbing together of bones

A

Crepitation

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24
Q

Pain in the big toe; often associated with gout

A

Podagra

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25
Q

Inflammation of the joints, present in gout; usually caused by uric acid crystals

A

Gouty arthritis

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26
Q

Autoimmune disorder affecting the connective tissue

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

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27
Q

Arthritis with erosion of the cartilage

A

Degenerative arthritis

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28
Q

Arthritis with the loss of cartilage

A

Osteoarthritis

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29
Q

Any of various conditions involving joint inflammation

A

Arthritis

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30
Q

An inflamed bursa at the foot joint, between the big toe and the first metatarsal bone

A

Bunion

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31
Q

Inflammation of a bursa

A

Bursitis

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32
Q

Death of portions of bone

A

Bony necrosis

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33
Q

Inflammation of a muscle

A

Myositis

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34
Q

Progressive degenerative disorder affecting the musculoskeletal system and later, other organs

A

Muscular dystrophy

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35
Q

Wasting away of tissue, organs, and cells, usually as a result of disease or loss of blood supply

A

Atrophy

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36
Q

Abnormal, repetitive muscle contractions

A

Tremor

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37
Q

Painfully long muscle contraction; muscle paralysis, usually due to decreased levels of ionized calcium in the blood

A

Tetany

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38
Q

Abnormal tone in tissues

A

Dystonia

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39
Q

Stiffness

A

Rigidity

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40
Q

Stiffening

A

Rigor

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41
Q

Abnormally reduced muscle tension

A

Hypotonia

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42
Q

Without tone; relaxed

A

Flaccid

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43
Q

Increase as in muscle size

A

Hypertrophy

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44
Q

Extreme resistance to the stretching of a muscle

A

Contracture

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45
Q

Partial dislocation, as between joints

A

Subluxation

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46
Q

Injury to a muscle as a result of improper use or overuse

A

Strain

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47
Q

Injury to a ligament

A

Sprain

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48
Q

Bony projection growing out of a bone
(2 answers separated by / , with spaces between the word and /)

A

Calcar / spur

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49
Q

Foot deformity characterized by inversion of the foot

A

Talipes varus

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50
Q

Foot deformity characterized by eversion of the foot

A

Talipes vulgas

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51
Q

Deformity of the heel resulting from weakened calf muscles

A

Talipes calcaneus

52
Q

Disease of the skeletal system, usually caused by vitamin D deficiency

A

Rickets

53
Q
  1. Pain in the lower back, usually radiating down the leg, from a herniated disk or other injury/condition
  2. Inflammation of the sciatic nerve
A

Sciatica

54
Q

Protrusion of an intervertebral disk into the neural canal

A

Herniated disk

55
Q

Congenital defect with deformity of the spinal column

A

Spina bifida

56
Q

Device that measures bone density using light and x-ray

A

Densitometer

57
Q

Instrument that measures angles of motion in a joint

A

Goniometer

58
Q

Test for acid content in urine; elevated levels may indicate gout

A

Uric acid test

59
Q

Test for phosphors in the blood

A

Serum phosphorus

60
Q

Test for calcium in the blood

A

Serum calcium

61
Q

Enzyme active in muscle contraction, usually phosphokinase is elevated after a myocardial infarction and indicates the presence of other degenerative muscle diseases

A

Serum creatine phosphokinase

62
Q

Test used to detect rheumatoid arthritis

A

Rheumatoid factor test

63
Q

A graphic image of muscular action using electrical currents

A

Electromyogram

64
Q

Radiographic imaging of the spinal cord

A

Myelography

65
Q

Radiographic image of an intervertebral disk by injection of a contrast medium into the center of the disk

A

Diskography

66
Q

Examination with an instrument that explores the interior of a joint

A

Arthroscopy

67
Q

Radiography of a joint

A

Arthrography

68
Q

Physician who examines, diagnoses, and treats disorders of the joints and musculoskeletal system

A

Rheumatologist

69
Q

Physician who combines manipulative treatment with conventional therapeutic measures

A

Osteopath

70
Q

Physician who examines, diagnoses, and treats disorders of the musculoskeletal system

A

Orthopedists

71
Q

Relates to a vertebral artery or to a vertebra and/or artery

A

Vertebro-arterial

72
Q

Inflammation of a synovial joint

A

Synovitis

73
Q

Sternum pain

A

Sternodynia

74
Q

Excision of the patella

A

Patellectomy

75
Q

Arthritis characterized by erosion of cartilage and bone as well as joint pain

A

Osteoarthritis

76
Q

Cyst that developed in bone marrow

A

Myelocyst

77
Q

Excision of a metacarpal

A

Metacarpectomy

78
Q

Pertains to the jaw and face

A

Maxilofacial

79
Q

Pain in the ischium

A

Ischiodynia

80
Q

Relating to the ilium and the femur

A

Ilio-femoral

81
Q

Relates to both the humerus and the scapula

A

Humero-scapular

82
Q

Benign tumor in fibrous tissue

A

Fibroma

83
Q

Surgical repair of cartilage

A

Chondroplasty

84
Q

Neck pain

A

Cervicodynia

85
Q

Inflammation of a bursa

A

Bursitis

86
Q

Relates to both the arm and head

A

Brachiocephalic

87
Q

An incision into the skull

A

Craniotomy

88
Q

X-ray of a joint

A

Arthrogram

89
Q

Stiffening of a joint, especially as a result of disease

A

Ankylosis

90
Q

A bending down, as of the ankle

A

Plantar flexion

91
Q

A bending up, as of the ankle

A

Dorsiflexion

92
Q

Moving the sole of the foot inward

A

Inversion

93
Q

Moving the sole of the foot outward

A

Eversion

94
Q

Turning down, as of the hand

A

Pronation

95
Q

Turning up, as of the hand

A

Supination

96
Q

Movement toward the body

A

Adduction

97
Q

Movement away from the body

A

Abduction

98
Q

Circular movement of a part, such as the neck

A

Rotation

99
Q

The straightening of a limb

A

Extension

100
Q

Bending of a limb

A

Flexion

101
Q

Sheet of fibrous tissue that encloses muscles

A

Fascia

102
Q

Smooth (visceral)

A

Involuntary muscles

103
Q

Striated

A

Voluntary muscles

104
Q

Sac lined with a synovial membrane that fills the space between tendons and joints

A

Bursa

105
Q

Fluid that serves to lubricate joints

A

Synovial fluid

106
Q

Connective tissue lining the cavity of joints and producing the synovial fluid

A

Synovial membrane

107
Q

A joint that moves

A

Synovial joint

108
Q

Fibrous band that connects muscle to bone and other structures

A

Tendon

109
Q

Sheet of fibrous tissue connecting and supporting bones; attaches bone to bone

A

Ligaments

110
Q

Joints, points where bones connect

A

Articulations

111
Q

Soft, membranous section on top of an infant’s skull

A

Fontanelles

112
Q

Joining of two bone parts with a fibrous membrane

A

Sutures

113
Q

Connective tissue filling the medullary cavity, often rich in nutrients

A

Marrow

114
Q

Cartilaginous tissue that is replaced during growth years, but eventually calcifies and disappears when growth stops

A

Epiphyseal plate

115
Q

Growth plate at the ends of long bones

A

Epiphysis

116
Q

The shaft of a long bone

A

Diaphysis

117
Q

Vitamin important to the formation of bone

A

Vitamin D

118
Q

Mineral important to the formation of bone

A

Phosphorus

119
Q

Mineral important to the formation of the bone

A

Calcium

120
Q

Process of hardening into bone

A

Ossification

121
Q

Large cells that reabsorb and removes osseous tissue

A

Osteoclasts

122
Q

Bone forming cells

A

Osyeoblasts

123
Q

Flexible connective tissue found in joints, fetal skeleton, and the lining of various parts of the body

A

Cartilage

124
Q

Bone cells

A

Osteocytes

125
Q

Connective tissue into which calcium salts are deposited

A

Osseous tissue

Intro. To Medical Terminology (13 decks)

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