Ch. 6 Muculoskeletal System Conditions & Terms Flashcards
Reduces inflammation (another name for anti-inflammatory)
Corticosteroid
Reduces pain
Analgesic
Removal of part of a vertebra
Laminectomy
The removal of a bunion
Bunionectomy
Removal of a bursa
Bursectomy
Fusion of two or more spinal vertebrae
Spondylosyndesis
Surgical fusion of a joint to stiffen it
Arthrodesis
Removal of all or part of a joint’s synovial membrane
Synovectomy
Removal of fluid from between a joint
Arthrocentesis
Repair of a joint
Arthroplasty
Repair of a muscle
Myoplasty
Incision into a tendon
Tenotomy
Incision into a bone
Osteotomy
External appliance used to immobilize or assist the movement of the spine or limbs
Orthosis
Abnormal lateral curvature of the spinal column
Scoliosis
Abnormal anterior spine curvature resulting in a sway back
Lordosis
Abnormal posterior spine curvature
Kyphosis
Malignant tumor of the bone
Osteosarcoma
Benign bone tumor, usually on the skull or mandible
Osteoma
Benign muscle tumor
Myoma
Bone marrow tumor
Myeloma
Inflammation of the bone marrow and surrounding bone
Osteomyelitis
Noise made by the rubbing together of bones
Crepitation
Pain in the big toe; often associated with gout
Podagra
Inflammation of the joints, present in gout; usually caused by uric acid crystals
Gouty arthritis
Autoimmune disorder affecting the connective tissue
Rheumatoid arthritis
Arthritis with erosion of the cartilage
Degenerative arthritis
Arthritis with the loss of cartilage
Osteoarthritis
Any of various conditions involving joint inflammation
Arthritis
An inflamed bursa at the foot joint, between the big toe and the first metatarsal bone
Bunion
Inflammation of a bursa
Bursitis
Death of portions of bone
Bony necrosis
Inflammation of a muscle
Myositis
Progressive degenerative disorder affecting the musculoskeletal system and later, other organs
Muscular dystrophy
Wasting away of tissue, organs, and cells, usually as a result of disease or loss of blood supply
Atrophy
Abnormal, repetitive muscle contractions
Tremor
Painfully long muscle contraction; muscle paralysis, usually due to decreased levels of ionized calcium in the blood
Tetany
Abnormal tone in tissues
Dystonia
Stiffness
Rigidity
Stiffening
Rigor
Abnormally reduced muscle tension
Hypotonia
Without tone; relaxed
Flaccid
Increase as in muscle size
Hypertrophy
Extreme resistance to the stretching of a muscle
Contracture
Partial dislocation, as between joints
Subluxation
Injury to a muscle as a result of improper use or overuse
Strain
Injury to a ligament
Sprain
Bony projection growing out of a bone
(2 answers separated by / , with spaces between the word and /)
Calcar / spur
Foot deformity characterized by inversion of the foot
Talipes varus
Foot deformity characterized by eversion of the foot
Talipes vulgas
Deformity of the heel resulting from weakened calf muscles
Talipes calcaneus
Disease of the skeletal system, usually caused by vitamin D deficiency
Rickets
- Pain in the lower back, usually radiating down the leg, from a herniated disk or other injury/condition
- Inflammation of the sciatic nerve
Sciatica
Protrusion of an intervertebral disk into the neural canal
Herniated disk
Congenital defect with deformity of the spinal column
Spina bifida
Device that measures bone density using light and x-ray
Densitometer
Instrument that measures angles of motion in a joint
Goniometer
Test for acid content in urine; elevated levels may indicate gout
Uric acid test
Test for phosphors in the blood
Serum phosphorus
Test for calcium in the blood
Serum calcium
Enzyme active in muscle contraction, usually phosphokinase is elevated after a myocardial infarction and indicates the presence of other degenerative muscle diseases
Serum creatine phosphokinase
Test used to detect rheumatoid arthritis
Rheumatoid factor test
A graphic image of muscular action using electrical currents
Electromyogram
Radiographic imaging of the spinal cord
Myelography
Radiographic image of an intervertebral disk by injection of a contrast medium into the center of the disk
Diskography
Examination with an instrument that explores the interior of a joint
Arthroscopy
Radiography of a joint
Arthrography
Physician who examines, diagnoses, and treats disorders of the joints and musculoskeletal system
Rheumatologist
Physician who combines manipulative treatment with conventional therapeutic measures
Osteopath
Physician who examines, diagnoses, and treats disorders of the musculoskeletal system
Orthopedists
Relates to a vertebral artery or to a vertebra and/or artery
Vertebro-arterial
Inflammation of a synovial joint
Synovitis
Sternum pain
Sternodynia
Excision of the patella
Patellectomy
Arthritis characterized by erosion of cartilage and bone as well as joint pain
Osteoarthritis
Cyst that developed in bone marrow
Myelocyst
Excision of a metacarpal
Metacarpectomy
Pertains to the jaw and face
Maxilofacial
Pain in the ischium
Ischiodynia
Relating to the ilium and the femur
Ilio-femoral
Relates to both the humerus and the scapula
Humero-scapular
Benign tumor in fibrous tissue
Fibroma
Surgical repair of cartilage
Chondroplasty
Neck pain
Cervicodynia
Inflammation of a bursa
Bursitis
Relates to both the arm and head
Brachiocephalic
An incision into the skull
Craniotomy
X-ray of a joint
Arthrogram
Stiffening of a joint, especially as a result of disease
Ankylosis
A bending down, as of the ankle
Plantar flexion
A bending up, as of the ankle
Dorsiflexion
Moving the sole of the foot inward
Inversion
Moving the sole of the foot outward
Eversion
Turning down, as of the hand
Pronation
Turning up, as of the hand
Supination
Movement toward the body
Adduction
Movement away from the body
Abduction
Circular movement of a part, such as the neck
Rotation
The straightening of a limb
Extension
Bending of a limb
Flexion
Sheet of fibrous tissue that encloses muscles
Fascia
Smooth (visceral)
Involuntary muscles
Striated
Voluntary muscles
Sac lined with a synovial membrane that fills the space between tendons and joints
Bursa
Fluid that serves to lubricate joints
Synovial fluid
Connective tissue lining the cavity of joints and producing the synovial fluid
Synovial membrane
A joint that moves
Synovial joint
Fibrous band that connects muscle to bone and other structures
Tendon
Sheet of fibrous tissue connecting and supporting bones; attaches bone to bone
Ligaments
Joints, points where bones connect
Articulations
Soft, membranous section on top of an infant’s skull
Fontanelles
Joining of two bone parts with a fibrous membrane
Sutures
Connective tissue filling the medullary cavity, often rich in nutrients
Marrow
Cartilaginous tissue that is replaced during growth years, but eventually calcifies and disappears when growth stops
Epiphyseal plate
Growth plate at the ends of long bones
Epiphysis
The shaft of a long bone
Diaphysis
Vitamin important to the formation of bone
Vitamin D
Mineral important to the formation of bone
Phosphorus
Mineral important to the formation of the bone
Calcium
Process of hardening into bone
Ossification
Large cells that reabsorb and removes osseous tissue
Osteoclasts
Bone forming cells
Osyeoblasts
Flexible connective tissue found in joints, fetal skeleton, and the lining of various parts of the body
Cartilage
Bone cells
Osteocytes
Connective tissue into which calcium salts are deposited
Osseous tissue
