Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MOD 1 Exam 2 and 3 > Ch 7: Neoplasia (Part 1: Nomenclature; Benign vs. Malignant) > Flashcards

Ch 7: Neoplasia (Part 1: Nomenclature; Benign vs. Malignant) Flashcards

1
Q

Define Cancer, Neoplasia, Tumor, Oncology and Clonal.

A

Cancer = generic term for all malignant neoplasms

Neoplasia/tumor = New growth or form

Oncology = study of tumors

Clonal = entire population of neoplasm arises form single sell hat incurs genetic change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define Benign vs. Malignant.

A

BTs stay local, while MTs metastasize.

BTs circumscribed, MTs not

Benign is well differentiated, MT poorly differentiated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is -oma?

A

a benign tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a carcinoma?

A

Malignant neoplasm of epithelial cell origin derived form any 3 germ layers

ex: squamous cell carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a sarcoma?

A

Malignant tumor arising from solid mesenchymal tissue

ex: Leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which is the most common general category of malignant tumor in adults? Is this the same in children>

A

Carcinoma

This neoplasm type is rare in children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the most common type of lung cancer? What are some others?

A

Most common = adenocarcinoma

Others (in order):
Squamous cell carcinoma
Small cell
Large cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Parenchyma is associated with? Stroma is associated with?

A

Parenchyma = carcinoma

Stroma = sarcoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define metaplasia.

A

Replacement as one type of cell with another type

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define dysplasia.

A

Disordered growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How do you grade cancer?

A

CIN 1-4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Name the -oma that ARE malignant.

A

Mesothelioma
Meningioma
Lymphoma
Melanoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What gene are the EGF-receptor family? What tumors are associated? How are they caused?

A

Proto-oncogenes

ERBB1 = EGFR - mutation causes lung andenocarcinoma

ERBB2 = HER - Amplifications leads to great carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe ALK. What tumors are associated? How are they caused?

A

Proto-oncogene

Translocation leads to Lung adenocarcinoma and certain lymphomas

Point mutation leads to neuroblastoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe ABL. What tumors are associated? How are they caused?

A

Proto-oncogne

Translocation leads to chronic myelogenous leukemia

Point mutation leads to acute lymphoblastic leukemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe BRAF. What tumors are associated? How are they caused?

A

Proto-oncogne
Comes from RAS signal transduction

Point mutations and translocation will lead to melanoma, hairy cell leukemia, colon adenocarcinoma, papillary thyroid carcinoma, langerhans cell histiocytosis etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe Myc. What tumors are associated? How are they caused?

A

Proto-oncogene
Transcriptional activator

Translocation –> Burkitt lymphoma

Amplification –> Neuroblastoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe CCND1. What tumors are associated? How are they caused?

A

Cell cycle regulator proto-oncogene

Mantle cell lymphoma, multiple myeloma, Breast and esophageal cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe CDK4. What tumors are associated? How are they caused?

A

Cell cycle regulator proto-oncogene

Glioblastoma, melanoma, sarcoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Describe APC. Function? Cancers?

A

Inhibits WNT signaling

Stomach/colon/pancreas carcinomas, melanoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Describe NF1. Function? Cancers?

A

Inhibitor of RAS/MAPK signaling

Neuroblastoma
Juvenile myeloid leukemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Describe NF2. Function? Cancers?

A

Cytoskeletal stability, Hippo pathway

Swannoma, meningioma

23
Q

Describe PTCH. Function? Cancers?

A

inhibitor of hedgehog

Basal cell carcinoma
Medulloblastoma

24
Q

Describe RB. Function? Cancers?

A

Inhibitor og G1/S transition

Retinoblastoma
Osteosarcoma
Carcinomas of breast, colon, and lung

25
Q

Describe VHL. Function? Cancers?

A

Inhibitor of HIF

Familial = von Hippel Lindau syndrome (cerebellar hemangioblastoma, retinal angioma, renal cell carcinoma)

Sporadic = renal cell carcinoma

26
Q

Describe CDH1. Function? Cancers?

A

Prob with E-cadherin leading to probs in cell adhesion and inhibition of cell motility

Gastric carcinoma, lobular breast carcinoma

27
Q

Describe TP53. Function? Cancers?

A

Normal: Cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in response to DNA damage

Most human cancers

28
Q

Describe BRCA1/BRCA2. Function? Cancers?

A

Normal: double stranded breaks in DNA

Familial breast and ovarian cancer, male breast cancer

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (BRCA2)

29
Q

Describe MSH/MLH. Function? Cancers?

A

Normal: DNA mismatch repair

Colonic and endometrial carcinoma

30
Q

Describe WT1. Function? Cancers?

A

Transcription factor

Wilms tumor (kidney), certain leukemias

31
Q

Name CML translocation and gene involved.

A

9:22

ABL/BCR

32
Q

Name AML translocation.

A

8:21 or 15:17

33
Q

Name Burkitt lymphoma translocation.

A

8:14

34
Q

Name mantle cell lymphoma translocation.

A

11:14

35
Q

Name follicular lymphoma translocation.

A

14:18

36
Q

DNMT3A. Function? Associated tumor?

A

DNA methylation

AML

37
Q

MLL1 and MLL2. Function? Associated tumor?

A

Histone methylation

1 = Acute leukemia in infants

2 = follicular lymphoma

38
Q

CREBBP/EP300. Function? Associated tumor?

A

Histone acetylation

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

39
Q

ARID1A. Function? Associated tumor?

A

Nucleosome positioning/chromatin remodeling

Ovarial clear cell carcinoma
Endometrial carcinoma

40
Q

SNF5. Function? Associated tumor?

A

Nucleosome positioning/chromatin remodeling

Malignant rhabdoid tumor

41
Q

PBRM1. Function? Associated tumor?

A

Nucleosome positioning/chromatin remodeling

Renal carcinoma

42
Q

Tumors associated with HCG serum marker?

A

Trophoblastic tumors

Testicular tumors

43
Q

Tumors associated with Calcitonin serum marker?

A

Medullary carcinoma of thyroid

44
Q

Tumors associated with Catecholamine and metabolites serum marker?

A

Pheochromocytoma

45
Q

Tumors associated with a-Fetoprotein serum marker?

A

Liver cell cancer

Germ cell tumors of testis

46
Q

Tumors associated with Carcinoembryonic antigen serum marker?

A

Carcinomas of: colon, lung, pancreas, heart, stomach

47
Q

Tumors associated with Prostatic Acid Phosphatase serum marker?

A

Prostate cancer

48
Q

Tumors associated with Neuron-specific enolase serum marker?

A

Small cell lung cancer

Neuroblastoma

49
Q

Tumors associated with Immunoglobulins serum marker?

A

Multiple myeloma and other gammopathies

50
Q

Tumors associated with PSA serum marker?

A

Prostate cancer

51
Q

Tumors associated with Ca-125 serum marker?

A

Ovarian cancer

52
Q

Tumors associated with Ca-19-9 serum marker?

A

Colon cancer

Pancreatic cancer

53
Q

Tumors associated with Ca-15-3 serum marker?

A

Breast cancer

MOD 1 Exam 2 and 3 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions