Ch 7 Kinetic Model of Matter#

Question 1

Describe movement of particles in solid.

Answer 1

Particles in solid vibrate vigorously at fixed positions.

Question 2

Describe movement of particles in liquid.

Answer 2

Particles in liquid slide past each other over short distances.

Question 3

Describe movement of particles in gas.

Answer 3

Particles in gas moves freely and randomly at high speeds.

Question 4

Describe arrangement of particles in solid.

Answer 4

Particles in solid are arranged in an orderly manner.

Question 5

Describe arrangement of particles in liquid.

Answer 5

Particles in liquid does not have a fixed arrangement.

Question 6

Describe arrangement of particles in gas.

Answer 6

Particles in gas does not have a fixed arrangement.

Question 7

Describe space between the particles in solid.

Answer 7

Particles in solid are packed closely together.

Question 8

Describe space between the particles in liquid.

Answer 8

Particles in liquid are packed closely together.

Question 9

Describe space between the particles in gas.

Answer 9

Particles in gas are far apart from one another.

Question 10

Describe the forces of attraction between the particles in solid.

Answer 10

There are strong forces of attraction between the particles in solid.

Question 11

Describe the forces of attraction between the particles in liquid.

Answer 11

There are strong forces of attraction between the particles in liquid.

Question 12

Describe the forces of attraction between the particles in gas.

Answer 12

The forces of attraction between the particles in gas are negligible.

Question 13

Explain why solid has a fixed shape. (using kinetic particle model)

Answer 13

Particles of solid are arranged in an orderly manner and can only vibrate vigorously at fixed positions.

Question 14

Explain why liquid does not have a fixed shape. (using kinetic particle model)

Answer 14

Particles of liquid does not have a fixed arrangement and can slide past each other over short distances.

Question 15

Explain why gas does not have a fixed shape. (using kinetic particle modelr)

Answer 15

Particles of gas does not have a fixed arrangement and can move freely and randomly at high speeds.

Question 16

Explain why solid has a fixed volume. (using kinetic particle model)

Answer 16

Particles of solid are packed closely together and they have strong forces of attraction between them.

Question 17

Explain why liquid has a fixed volume. (using kinetic particle model)

Answer 17

Particles of liquid are packed closely together and they have strong forces of attraction between them.

Question 18

Explain why gas does not have a fixed volume. (using kinetic particle model)

Answer 18

Particles of gas are far apart from one another and forces of attraction between them are negligible.

Question 19

Explain why solid cannot be compressed. (using kinetic particle model)

Answer 19

Particles of solid are packed closely together and they have strong forces of attraction between them. Therefore there is no space in between the particles of solid to move closer to one another.

Question 20

Explain why liquid cannot be compressed. (using kinetic particle model)

Answer 20

Particles of liquid are packed closely together and they have strong forces of attraction between them. Therefore there is no space in between the particles of liquid to move closer to one another.

Question 21

Explain why gas can be compressed. (using kinetic particle model)

Answer 21

Particles of gas are far apart from one another and forces of attraction between them are negligible. Therefore there is space in between the particles of gas to move closer to one another.

Question 22

Explain why solid cannot flow. (using kinetic particle model)

Answer 22

Particles of solid have a fixed arrangement and can only vibrate at fixed positions.

Question 23

Explain why liquid can be flow. (using kinetic particle model)

Answer 23

Particles of liquid does not have a fixed arrangement. and can slide past each other over short distances.

Question 24

Explain why gas can be flow. (using kinetic particle model)

Answer 24

Particles of gas does not have a fixed arrangement. and can move freely and randomly at high speeds.

Question 25

Describe what changes occurs to the movement of the particles in solid when the solid is heated.

Answer 25

Particles in solid would vibrate more vigorously at fixed positions.

Question 26

Describe what changes occurs to the movement of the particles in liquid when the liquid is heated.

Answer 26

Particles in liquid would slide past each other faster over short distances.

Question 27

Describe what changes occurs to the movement of the particles in gas when the gas is heated.

Answer 27

Particles in gas would move freely and randomly at higher speeds.

Question 28

Draw a model of particles in soild.

Using only circles.

Answer 28

model of particles in solid

Question 29

Draw a model of particles in liquid.

Using only circles.

Answer 29

model of particles in liquid

Question 30

Draw a model of particles in gas.

Using only circles.

Answer 30

model of particles in gas

Question 31

How is temperature of an object related to the average kinetic energy of the particles in the object?

Answer 31

When the temperature of the object rises, the average KE of the particles in the object also rises

This also applies to when the temperature of the object drops.

Question 32

Explain why the temperature of a pure substance remains constant when it is melting.

melting means changing from a solid to liquid state

Answer 32

1) Energy transferred to the substance results in work done against the attractive intermolecular forces.
2) The average separation of the particles increases, thus increasing the potential energy of the particles.
3) The average kinetic energy of the particles remains unchanged, temperature remains constant.

This explanation also works for boiling.

Question 33

Explain why the temperature of a pure substance remains constant when it is freezing.

freezing means changing from a liquid to solid state

Answer 33

1) Energy is transferred out of the substance during freezing.
2) The average separation of the particles decreases, thus decreasing the potential energy of the particles.
3) The average kinetic energy of the particles remains unchanged, temperature remains constant.

This explanation also works for condensation.