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Transportation Engineering II > Ch 7 - Intro to Railway Engineering > Flashcards

Ch 7 - Intro to Railway Engineering Flashcards

1
Q

Pioneered the development of steam energy (who and when)

A

Nicolas Carnot (1769)

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2
Q

designed and constructed a steam locomotive (who and when)

A

Richard Trevithick (1804)

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3
Q

produced the first steam locomotive used for traction in railways (who and when)

A

George
Stephenson (1814)

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4
Q

first public railway in the world was opened to traffic (when and where)

A

27 September 1825 between Stockton and Darlington

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5
Q

first railway in Germany was opened (when and where)

A

from Nurenberg to Furth in 1835

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6
Q

USA opened its first railway line (when and where)

A

between Mohawk and Hudson in 1833

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7
Q

possess mechanical design skills and knowledge of propulsion systems that allows them to design train vessels

A

Railway Engineers

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8
Q

USA’s first railway line (where and when)

A

between Mohawk and Hudson in 1833

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9
Q

The PH has had rail transport for how many years?

A

120 years

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9
Q

Who promulgated a Royal Decree directing the Office of the Inspector of Public Works of the Philippines to submit a general plan for railroads on Luzon (who and when)

A

King Alfonso XII, Spain June 25, 1875

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10
Q

The general plan by the Office of the Inspector of Public Works was titled…

A

Memoria Sobre el Plan General de Ferrocarriles enla Isla de Luzón

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11
Q

When were the first rail tracks laid?

A

1891

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12
Q

When and where did the first commercial run happen?

A

1892, Ferrocarril de Manila-Dagupan

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13
Q

How many route-kilometers were built before the war?

A

More than a thousand route-kilometers

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14
Q

Out of more than a thousand route-kilometers, how many were operational (before the war)?

A

452 route-kilometers

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15
Q

Out of 452 route-kilometers, how many remain operational?

A

30 km

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16
Q

Today, how many route-kilometers are operational in the railway network?

A

75.2 route-kilometers

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17
Q

Annually, how many passenger-kilometers are performed (at present)?

A

more than 3,000 billion passenger-kilometres

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18
Q

about 1,158 billion passenger-kilometres are done solely in what country?

A

India

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19
Q

What country has the highest kilometer traveled by train per population?

A

Switzerland

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20
Q

The average Swiss travels every year (how many kms) by train? And how many kms more than the country that comes in second?

A

2,430.9 kilometers, 500kms more

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21
Q

What country comes in second with the highest kilometer traveled by train per population?

A

Japan

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22
Q

10,000 billion freight tonne-kilometres travelled around the world each year. About a quarter each are in the what countries? (name the 3)

A

United States, China and Russia.

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23
Q

movement of steel wheels on steel rails has the basic advantage of low rolling resistance

also reduces haulage costs if it is low

A

Tractive resistance (rail transport)

24
Q

the tractive resistance of a pneumatic tyre on metalledroads is almost five times compared to that of wheels on rails

A

Tractive resistance (road transport)

25
Q

a railway track is defined on two
rails and is within protected
limits

trains work as per prescribed
schedule and no other vehicle
has the _________ except at
specified level crossings

A

Right of way (rail transport)

26
Q

roads, though having well defined limits, can be used by any vehicular traffic and even by pedestrians , which means they are open to all

A

Right of way (road transport)

27
Q

Owing to the heavy
infrastructure, the initial as well
as maintenance cost of a railway
line is high

A

Cost analysis (rail transport)

28
Q

The cost of construction and maintenance of roads is
comparatively cheaper

A

Cost analysis (road transport)

29
Q

the gradients of railways tracks
are flatter (normally not more
than 1 in 100) and curves are
limited up to only 10° on broad
gauge

A

Gradients and
Curves (rail transport)

30
Q

roads are constructed normally with steeper gradients of up to 1 in 30 and relatively much sharper curves

A

Gradients and
Curves (road transport)

31
Q

Due to the defined routes and
facilities required for the
reception and dispatch of trains,
railways can be used only
between fixed points.

A

Flexibility of
movement (rail transport)

32
Q

Road transports have much more flexibility in movement and can provide door-to-door services

A

Flexibility of
movement (road transport)

33
Q

Railways have minimum adverse
effects on the environment

A

Environment
pollution (rail transport)

34
Q

Road transport creates
comparatively greater pollution than the railways

A

Environment
pollution (road transport)

35
Q

Railways are best suited for
carrying heavy goods and large
numbers of passengers over long
distances.

A

Suitability (rail transport)

36
Q

Road transport is best suited for carrying lighter goods and smaller numbers of passengers over shorter distances.

A

Suitability (rail transport)

37
Q

MODERN RAIL TRANSIT TECHNOLOGY: How fast is the fastest train?

A

574km/hr

38
Q

What is bullet train in Japanese?

A

Shinkansen

39
Q

Modern Railway Networks in the PH

A

Mass railway transit, light railway transit

40
Q

Another example of a Modern Railway Networks

A

Subway

41
Q

is the railroad on which trains run

A

track

42
Q

Another term for track

A

Permanent way

43
Q

Minimum distance between two rails

measured as the clear minimum distance between the running faces of the two rails

A

Gauge

44
Q

What are the members of the track laid in two
parallel lines to provide an unchanging, continuous, and level surface for the
movement of trains

A

Rails

45
Q

To be able to withstand stresses, rails are made of

A

high-carbon steel

46
Q

Rails are similar to…

A

Steel girders

47
Q

Functions of Rails

A
  • provide a continuous and level surface for movement of trains
  • provide a pathway which is smooth and has very little friction
  • serve as a lateral guide for the wheels
  • bear the stresses developed due to vertical loads
  • carry out the function of transmitting the load to a large area of the formation through sleepers and the ballast
48
Q

Types of Rails (3)

A

Bull Headed Rail (BH)
Double Headed Rail (DH)
Flat-Footed Rail (FF)

49
Q

Rail Specifications (example: IRS-52kg - 710 TISCO - II 1991 -> OB)

A

IRS-52kg: no. of IRS rail section
710: Grade of rail section
TISCO: Manufacturer’s name
II 1991: Month & year of manufacture
-> : direction of the top of the ingot
OB: Process of steel making (open hearth basic)

50
Q

Sleeper density (no. of sleepers per rail length) formula

A

M + x or N + x

(M or N = length of the rail in meters)
(x is a no. that varies based on factors like axle load and speed, type and section of rails, etc)

50
Q

are the transverse ties that are laid to support the rails

they transmit the wheel load from the rails to the ballast

acts as an elastic medium

A

sleepers

51
Q

a layer of broken stones,
gravel, or any other granular
material placed and packed below
and around sleepers for
distributing load from the sleepers
to the formation

A

ballast

52
Q

provides drainage as well as
longitudinal and lateral stability to
the track

A

ballast

53
Q

functions of ballast

A

 Provides a level and hard bed for the
sleepers to rest on.
 Holds the sleepers in position during the
passage of trains.
 Transfers and distributes load from the
sleepers to a large area of the formation.
 Provides elasticity and resilience to the track
for proper riding comfort.

54
Q

 a reddish, and sometimes yellowish in color
 normally used as the initial ballast in new
constructions and also as sub-ballast

A

MOORUN of BALLAST

55
Q
  • used primarily for cast iron (CI) pots
  • used with wooden and steel through sleepers in areas where traffic density is very low
A

Coarse Sand Ballast

56
Q
  • type of ballast normally used in yards and sidings or as the initial ballast in new construction sites.
  • very cheap and easily available
A

Coal Ash or Cinder

57
Q
A

Transportation Engineering II (3 decks)

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