CH 7 INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS *75%* Flashcards
Discuss two explanations of relationships
- distal- Evolutionary perspective (example origins of relationships)
- Proximal social cognitive perspective (examines functions of relationships)
Understand the impact of social isolation
Social isolation is lonely, we need relationships in fact it is proven that those who are alone and lack relationships are more likely to die at a young age and more likely to have mental health problems.
social isolation is psychologically damaging.
Explain the role of the relational-self model in explaining the functions of relationships
The relational self-model explains why we associated certain feelings toward new people and relationships that we have. The reason being, that we create collections of schemas of emotions and motivations in the relationships we have. When we meet someone similar we apply the same schema toward them.
Discuss various factors that contribute to the perception of attractiveness
- Facial symmetry
- Clear Complexion
- Average facial features (ex not super long nose or lack of nose) Because these are more representative of what we usually see
Remember the different childhood attachment styles
- Secure attachment style
- (Insecure) Avoidant attachment style
- (Insecure) Anxious/Ambivalent attachment style
- Disorganized/disoriented attachment style
▫Discuss the attributes for each attachment style, and characteristics of the associated caretaker
Secure attachment style =
- Caregiver serves as the secure base of comfort
- Infants protest caregivers abandonment
- Seek proximity to, and is comforted by, caregivers return
- Prefer a caregiver over a stranger in providing comfort
(Insecure) anxious/ambivalent attachment style =
- Caregiver does not serve as a secure base
- Infant exhibits great distress upon abandonment
- Reunion is met with anger and ambivalence to the caregiver, the infant is inconsolable
- Seeks contact, but resists caregiver, and is angry when achieved
(Insecure) Avoidant attachment style =
- Infant does not always exhibit distress upon abandonment
- Infant does not respond upon caregivers return (ignoring or turning away)
- Treats caregiver similarly to the stranger.
Disorganized/disoriented attachment style=
- Excessive repetition of meaningless behaviors (ex. freezing, rocking)
- No distress upon abandonment
- Seeks contact, but appears dazed/confused upon receiving contact
- Reluctant and angry towards caregiver upon return
▫Discuss the attributes for each adult attachment style, and associated childhood attachment style
Secure attachment style in adults=
- Feel secure in relationships
- Comfortable with intimacy and desire to be close to others during times of uncertainty
- Expect that others are generally accepting and responsive
- Affect regulation hypothesis –> How people deal with strong emotions.
- Associated with childhood attachment style and secure attachment style*
Anxious/Ambivalent (preoccupied) attachment style in ADULTS=
- Feel insecure in relationships, compulsively seek closeness
- Continuously worry about relationships
- Excessively attempts to get closer to others during times of uncertainty
- Gain self-acceptance by gaining acceptance from others
- Associated with insecure anxious/ambivalent attachment style as children.*
Dismissive avoidant attachment style in ADULTS=
- Feel insecure in relationships
- Exhibits compulsive self-reliance, prefer distance from others
- Dismissive and detached during times of uncertainty
- Protects self from anticipated rejection
- Associated with insecure-avoidant attachment style in childhood*
Fearful-Avoidant attachment style =
- Generally avoids close relationships
- Protects oneself from disappointment
- Maintains a false sense of invulnerability
- Associated with disorganized disoriented attachment style..*
▫Describe the three different stages of intimate partner violence
Brooding - When the person is feeling like they are about to be abandoned so they get extremely moody. about the abandonment and this peaks when their partner threatens to leave. Gets strong feelings of jealousy, highly controlling, and verbally abusive.
Battering - Batter explodes into a pit of rage and becomes not only verbally but also physically abusive.
Contrition - Extremely apologetic after the abuse, showers with gifts, makes grandiose promises of changed behavior and future improvements like counseling, etc. Manipulative in attempts to woo partner back (Guilts partner, recruits family members)
Which attachment styles are batterers associated with?
- Insecure anxious ambivalent in childhood
- Insecure anxious/ambivalent (preoccupied) attachment style as an adult
▫Explain the difference between passionate vs. companionate love
Passionate love = is intense longing for another person, obsessive thoughts about the loved one, heightened physiological arousal in their presence.
Companionate love = Feelings of intimacy and affection we feel toward someone with whom are lives are deeply intertwined.
▫Explain the various components of Triangular Theory of Love
The components of the triangular theory of love are Intimacy = Feelings that promote closeness, bondedness, and connectedness.
Passion = Fulfillment of needs as sources of arousal that lead to experience of passion.
Committment = Short term decision that one loves another, long term decision to make long committment.
▫Discuss how the Investment Model explains the maintenance and end of relationships
There are three components to consider, reward, cost and comparison level between those which further determines investment, satisfaction and quality of alternatives all of these determine the relationship committment
▫Understand how the interaction dynamics approach explains the end of relationships
Interaction dynamics approach = is studying how couples interact with each other measuring both positive and negative behaviours. determining regulated or unregulated relationships by asking them questions.
▫Connect attributional theory with the study of romantic relationships
Attributional approach - distressed and happy couples.
Distressed people build negative associations when their partners do something positive and agree when they do something bad too.
-Happy people are more understanding when partners do something wrong and are in agreement when their partners do good things
