CH 11 PREJUDICE, STEREOTYPES, AND DISCRIMINATION *75%* Flashcards
▫Define prejudice
is an attitude toward people in a distinguishable group based solely on their membership in that group.
Discuss the different components of prejudice
three components
Affect - positive or negative emotional reactions to some group/category/target. (positive, fetishization)
Behavior - Discrimination - when people engage in unjustified negative or harmful action toward a member of a group simply due to their membership in the group.
-often a result of the other components of prejudice.
Cognition - Mental associations with regards to different social categories/targets. (all Asians are good at math ex.)
Cognitions activate stereotypes (generalization about a whole group of people.)
▫Differentiate between stereotypes and meta-stereotypes
Stereotypes- Ignore individual variation.
Meta stereotypes - one’s beliefs about the stereotypes that out-group members hold about their own group.
▫Understand how researchers study prejudice
by using implicit or explicit measures.
implicit measures= Measure cognitive and behavioral components. IAT implicit associations test. ex showing faces.
Explicit measures = mostly measure affective and cognitive components.
▫Discuss the social cognitive and personality processes that differentiate those who are more vs. less prejudiced
Social psychological processes =
social categorization -Would predict higher levels of prejudice and the stronger we consider the group differences to be, the more that we see our ingroup is compared to the outgroup more prejudiced we are likely to be.
stereotype activation =
Stereotypes not perpetually activated something then activates those stereotypes.
^something in our environment activates them.
Personality differences =
Right-wing authoritarianism
Social Dominance orientation
▫Explain the Stereotype Content Model
▫Model tries to use stereotypes to predict emotions and discrimination.
▫Two fundamental dimensions underlying social perception. (warmth, competence)
people make warmth judgements quicker than competence judgments.
First- is this person a threat? second Judgment of competence.
one factor is generally more important than the other. The warmth does more for someone judging global judgment how overall positive or negative you see someone.
▫Understand the affective and behavioral associations with the Stereotype Content Model
There are four groupings of individuals either associated with high warmth high competence(pride and admiration toward group) low warmth low competence, high competence low warmth, low competence low warmth. (Contempt and disgust toward bottom left)
▫Describe the two cognitive processes that cause stereotype threat
Facilitation and harm.
Active facilitation = Would actually help someone who is in need.
Active Harm = Would actively attack, Assault someone. this is associated with low warmth.
Passive Facilitation = (Competence) when we interact with people cause we have to, tolerating their existence.
Passive harm = Ignoring and neglecting someone
▫Discuss ways in which prejudice can be diminished
Addressing Affect and cognition.
Re-fencing, when we meet someone within a stereotype that we like but we continue to stereotype their group excluding them. Eventually, when we meet enough within the group we change our stereotype completely.
Contact Hypothesis –> specific types of contact between groups.
equal status, informal setting, share a common goal
