Ch 7 Genes and Inheritance

Question 1

Genetics

Answer 1

The study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in living organisms

Question 2

Genes

Answer 2

Heritable Traits passed from parent to offspring. Encodes for protein

Question 3

Alleles

Answer 3

alternative versions of a gene that codes for the same feature

Question 4

Heredity

Answer 4

The consequence of passing characteristics from parents to offspring through their genes

Question 5

Single-Gene traits

Answer 5

Traits that are determined by the instructions and carried on one gene

Question 6

Mendel: Heredity and Conducting Experiments

Answer 6

Prior to 1800s, believed sperm contain tiny pre-made humans

“Father of Genetics” studied process of inheritance by studying traits passed on by garden pea plants

Question 7

Mendelian Genetics

Answer 7

Experiment: garden peas chosen because they’re easier to grow, short life span, many offspring

Question 8

-Cross

Answer 8

Process in which male pollen is used to fertilize eggs= many offspring

Question 9

-True Breeding

Answer 9

Offspring produced with the same variant of the trait as the parents

Question 10

Genotype

Answer 10

Allele of the genes inherited from the parents by the offspring
Organisms genetic composition

Question 11

Phenotype

Answer 11

The physical manifestation of the genes obtained by the offspring
Outward appearance of an individual

Question 12

-> Phenotypic Traits

Answer 12

Dominant- alleles whose traits mask the phenotypic expression of recessive alleles of the same gene
Recessive- alleles whose phenotype can be masked by expression of dominant alleles

Question 13

Mendelian Genetics

Answer 13

1. Each parent puts every sperm or egg it makes into a single set of instructions for building a single trait
2. Offspring receive two copies of instructions for any trait
3. Trait observed in an individual depends on the two copies of the gene it inherits from its parents

Question 14

Homozygous

Answer 14

Contains copies of two of the same allele

Question 15

Heterozygous

Answer 15

Contains two different allele of the same gene

Question 16

Law of Segregation

Answer 16

Every individual contains two alleles for each trait, and those traits segregate during meiosis such that each gamete contains only one allele

Question 17

Punnett Square

Answer 17

A tool that illustrates all the possible outcomes from a single gene

Question 18

Monohybrid Cross

Answer 18

A punnett square that illustrates the possible outcomes from a single gene

Question 19

Test Cross

Answer 19

A version of the punnett square to identify the underlying genotype of individuals
One parent will always be homozygous recessive

Question 20

Pedigree

Answer 20

A type of family tree that track down chances of the following

1. Developing a particular disease
2. Having a child with a particular disease
3. How the disease or trait is inherited
4. Is the trait dominant or recessive

Question 21

Carriers

Answer 21

Individuals that does not show any phenotype but carries a copy of the gene