Ch 7 - Genes and Inheritance Flashcards
What is a phenotype?
The outward appearance of an individual.
What is a genotype?
An organisms genetic composition. Underlying the phenotype.
Define homozygous.
When an individual inherits the same two alleles for a gene. (Same genetic information)
Define heterozygous.
When an individual inherits a different allele from each parent.
What are Gregor Mendels 3 features?
- Good experimental organism.
- Studied easily categorized traits
- Use true-breeding plants (always produces offspring with same traits).
What is a single-gene trait?
Traits that are determined by the instructions a person carries at one gene.
Define heredity.
The passing of characteristics from parent to offspring through their genes.
What is codominance?
When heterozygous displays characteristics of both homozygotes.
What is incomplete dominance?
When the heterozygote appears to be intermediate between 2 homozygotes.
What is a pedigree?
It’s a type of family tree. It’s useful tool to document a trait of interest across multiple generations of family members.
What is a pleiotropy?
A phenomenon where an individual gene influences multiple traits.
Define multiple allelism.
When a single gene has more then 2 alleles.
What is Mendals law of segregation?
It states that only 1 of the 2 alleles for a gene is put into a gamete. The offspring receive from each parent, one allele for each gene.
What are the different genotypes?
Homozygous vs heterozygous Dominant vs recessive Homozygous dominant Homozygous recessive Heterozygous
What are antigens?
Antigens are a chemical that act as a signpost that tell the immune system whether the cell belongs in the body.
