Ch 7: Functional assessments of posture, core, movement, balance and flexibility Flashcards
define structural integrity
alignment and balance of musculoskeletal system to allow joints, muscles, and nerves to function efficiently together
What are the Kyphosis and Lordosis imbalances?
Shortened (Hypertonic/facilitated)” lumbar extensors, hip flexors, anterior chest/shoulders, neck extensors, and lats dorsi
Lengthened (inhibited): external obliques, scapular stabilizers, hip extensors, beck flexors, and upper back extensors
What are the flatback muscle imbalances?
Shortened (hypertonic/facilitated): rectus abdominis, neck extensors, upper back extensors, ankle plantar flexors
Lengthened (inhibited): psoas major/iliacus, lumbar extensors, internal obliques, neck flexors
What are the swayback imbalances?
Shortened (hypertonic/facilitated): lumbar extensors, hamstrings, upper fibers of posterior obliques, neck extensors
Lengthened (inhibited):psoas major/iliacus, external obliques, neck flexors, rectus femoris, upper back extensors
Correctable muscular imbalances
poor posture from: habit repetitive movement bad joint mobility/stability side dominance and unbalanced strength programs
Non-correctable muscular imbalances
certain pathologies (rheumatoid arthritis), congenital conditions such as scoliosis, structural deviations and traumas (amputations and surgeries)
Deviation #1: Ankle Pronation
=Arch flattening viewed from the front eversion foot movement internal rotation of knee (tibial) movement internal rotation of femoral movement
Deviation #1: Ankle Supination
=High arches: viewed from the front inversion of foot external tibial rotation external femoral rotation
Deviation #2: Hip adduction/hiking
one hip is elevated due to lateral tilt of the pelvis
Deviation #3: pelvic tilting (posterior/anterior)
Posterior = superior and posterior portion of pelvis rotate down and out
dominant/tight rectus abdominis and tight hamstrings
Posterior = superior posterior rotate forward and down
tight hip flexors, associated with sedentary lifestyle and the majority of time sitting down
Deviation #4: positions of the thoracic spine/shoulder
depression. elevation, abduction, adduction, downward rotation, upward rotation
What muscles are overactive/tight when shoulders are not level
upper traps, rhomboids, and levator scapula
What muscles are overactive/tight when there is assymetry to the midline
flexed side/lateral trunk flexors
What muscles are overactive/tight when there are forward rounded shoulders (protracted)
upper traps, serratus ant, and ant scapulohumeral muscles
What muscles are overactive/tight when there is a depressed chest/kyphosis
pec min, internal obliques, ,rec abd, and shoulder adductors
What muscles are overactive/tight when the humorous is medially rotated
lats dorsi, pec major, subscapularis
Deviation #5: Head position in sagittal view
=forward head position
tightg upper trap, cervical spine extensors, and levator scapulae
5 primary movements
squatting (bend and lift) lunging (single leg) pushing pulling rotation
Squat Compensations: knees move inward in anterior view
tight hipa dductors and TFL
lengthened gluteus max and med
Squat Compensations: movement from knees at sag view
not enough glute activation
hip flexor and quad dominacne
Squat Compensations: back arch in sag view
tight lat dorsi, back extensors and hip flexors
loose: rec abd, core, hams, and gluteal group
Squat Compensations: back rouind in sag view
loose upper back extensors
tight teres major, pec min and maj, and lats dorsi
Hurdle Step Compensations: inward leg hip rotation in ant view
raised leg internal rotators or a tight stance leg
raised leg external rotators or underactive stance leg
Hurdle Step Compensations: hiking of raised hip in ant view
tight stance leg hip flexors
Shoulder Push Compensations: wining during push up in sag view
traps, levator scapulae, serratus ant, and rhombs cannot stabilize the scapulae on the rib cage, also caused by flat thoracic spine
Thoracic Spine Compensations:
Bilateral discrepancy in the transverse view assuimng they had no other previous issues
What is the Thomas Test
Assesses quads/hip flexion length
Passive Straight Leg =Hams
Shoulder Extension and Flexion
What is the Passive Straight Leg test
Test Hams length
normal ham length is 80* of flex before post pelvic rotation
What shoulder assessments are there
Flex: can flex shoulders 170-180*
Internal/External Rotation of humerus
Apley’s scratch test: touch medial edge of scpular spine means good mobility
Sharpened Romberg Test
Core and balance by closing eyes and standing with lower base of support
Stork stand test
stand on 1 leg
McGills Torso endurance
endurance test for flexor (not good for those with low back pain, recent surgery)
