Ch 7: Functional assessments of posture, core, movement, balance and flexibility

Question 1

define structural integrity

Answer 1

alignment and balance of musculoskeletal system to allow joints, muscles, and nerves to function efficiently together

Question 2

What are the Kyphosis and Lordosis imbalances?

Answer 2

Shortened (Hypertonic/facilitated)” lumbar extensors, hip flexors, anterior chest/shoulders, neck extensors, and lats dorsi

Lengthened (inhibited): external obliques, scapular stabilizers, hip extensors, beck flexors, and upper back extensors

Question 3

What are the flatback muscle imbalances?

Answer 3

Shortened (hypertonic/facilitated): rectus abdominis, neck extensors, upper back extensors, ankle plantar flexors

Lengthened (inhibited): psoas major/iliacus, lumbar extensors, internal obliques, neck flexors

Question 4

What are the swayback imbalances?

Answer 4

Shortened (hypertonic/facilitated): lumbar extensors, hamstrings, upper fibers of posterior obliques, neck extensors

Lengthened (inhibited):psoas major/iliacus, external obliques, neck flexors, rectus femoris, upper back extensors

Question 5

Correctable muscular imbalances

Answer 5

poor posture from:
habit
repetitive movement
bad joint mobility/stability
side dominance
and unbalanced strength programs

Question 6

Non-correctable muscular imbalances

Answer 6

certain pathologies (rheumatoid arthritis), congenital conditions such as scoliosis, structural deviations and traumas (amputations and surgeries)

Question 7

Deviation #1: Ankle Pronation

Answer 7

=Arch flattening
viewed from the front
eversion foot movement
internal rotation of knee (tibial) movement
internal rotation of femoral movement

Question 8

Deviation #1: Ankle Supination

Answer 8

=High arches:
viewed from the front
inversion of foot
external tibial rotation
external femoral rotation

Question 9

Deviation #2: Hip adduction/hiking

Answer 9

one hip is elevated due to lateral tilt of the pelvis

Question 10

Deviation #3: pelvic tilting (posterior/anterior)

Answer 10

Posterior = superior and posterior portion of pelvis rotate down and out
dominant/tight rectus abdominis and tight hamstrings

Posterior = superior posterior rotate forward and down
tight hip flexors, associated with sedentary lifestyle and the majority of time sitting down

Question 11

Deviation #4: positions of the thoracic spine/shoulder

Answer 11

depression. elevation, abduction, adduction, downward rotation, upward rotation

Question 12

What muscles are overactive/tight when shoulders are not level

Answer 12

upper traps, rhomboids, and levator scapula

Question 13

What muscles are overactive/tight when there is assymetry to the midline

Answer 13

flexed side/lateral trunk flexors

Question 14

What muscles are overactive/tight when there are forward rounded shoulders (protracted)

Answer 14

upper traps, serratus ant, and ant scapulohumeral muscles

Question 15

What muscles are overactive/tight when there is a depressed chest/kyphosis

Answer 15

pec min, internal obliques, ,rec abd, and shoulder adductors

Question 16

What muscles are overactive/tight when the humorous is medially rotated

Answer 16

lats dorsi, pec major, subscapularis

Question 17

Deviation #5: Head position in sagittal view

Answer 17

=forward head position

tightg upper trap, cervical spine extensors, and levator scapulae

Question 18

5 primary movements

Answer 18

squatting (bend and lift)
lunging (single leg)
pushing
pulling
rotation

Question 19

Squat Compensations: knees move inward in anterior view

Answer 19

tight hipa dductors and TFL

lengthened gluteus max and med

Question 20

Squat Compensations: movement from knees at sag view

Answer 20

not enough glute activation

hip flexor and quad dominacne

Question 21

Squat Compensations: back arch in sag view

Answer 21

tight lat dorsi, back extensors and hip flexors

loose: rec abd, core, hams, and gluteal group

Question 22

Squat Compensations: back rouind in sag view

Answer 22

loose upper back extensors

tight teres major, pec min and maj, and lats dorsi

Question 23

Hurdle Step Compensations: inward leg hip rotation in ant view

Answer 23

raised leg internal rotators or a tight stance leg

raised leg external rotators or underactive stance leg

Question 24

Hurdle Step Compensations: hiking of raised hip in ant view

Answer 24

tight stance leg hip flexors

Question 25

Shoulder Push Compensations: wining during push up in sag view

Answer 25

traps, levator scapulae, serratus ant, and rhombs cannot stabilize the scapulae on the rib cage, also caused by flat thoracic spine

Question 26

Thoracic Spine Compensations:

Answer 26

Bilateral discrepancy in the transverse view assuimng they had no other previous issues

Question 27

What is the Thomas Test

Answer 27

Assesses quads/hip flexion length
Passive Straight Leg =Hams
Shoulder Extension and Flexion

Question 28

What is the Passive Straight Leg test

Answer 28

Test Hams length

normal ham length is 80* of flex before post pelvic rotation

Question 29

What shoulder assessments are there

Answer 29

Flex: can flex shoulders 170-180*

Internal/External Rotation of humerus

Apley’s scratch test: touch medial edge of scpular spine means good mobility

Question 30

Sharpened Romberg Test

Answer 30

Core and balance by closing eyes and standing with lower base of support

Question 31

Stork stand test

Answer 31

stand on 1 leg

Question 32

McGills Torso endurance

Answer 32

endurance test for flexor (not good for those with low back pain, recent surgery)