Ch. 7: Fire Hose Nozzles and Flow Rates Flashcards
What can be defined as a stream of water or other extinguishing agent after it leaves a nozzle until it reaches the desired point?
a fire stream
What three basic types of fire streams does the fire service utilize?
solid, fog, broken
What is a fire stream produced from a fixed orifice, smoothbore nozzle?
a solid stream
What is designed so that the shape of the water in the nozzle is gradually reduced until it reaches a point a short distance from the outlet?
solid stream nozzles
What may be produced by deflection at the periphery or by impinging jets of water or by a combination of these?
a fog stream
What is directly dependent on the width of the stream, the size of the water droplets, wind, and the amount of water flowing?
the reach of the fog stream
What are designed to flow a specific amount of water at a specific nozzle discharge pressure on all stream patterns?
constant flow nozzles
What are designed to be placed on attack lines that can be easily maneuvered by firefighters?
handline nozzles
What is the maximum amount of water that can safely flow through a handline nozzle?
350 gpm
What is applied to any fire stream that is too large to be controlled without mechanical aid?
master stream
What doesn’t just deliver large volumes of water but also have a greater reach than handheld streams?
master streams
What are the three basic types of monitors?
fixed, portable, and combination
What allows the stream direction and angle to be changed while water is being discharged?
a monitor
What is mounted on a fire apparatus deck and is connected directly to the pump by permanent piping?
a turret pipe
What consists of a short length of large diameter hose with a large nozzle or large playpipe supported at the discharge end by a tripod?
deluge set
What are those large-capacity nozzles that are designed to be placed on the end of an aerial device?
elevated master stream
What is a master stream device used in conjunction with aerial ladders?
a ladder pipe
What is known as the counterforce as water is discharged from a nozzle at a given pressure, a force pushes back on the firefighters handling the hoseline?
nozzle reaction
The fire stream produced from a fixed orifice, smoothbore nozzle is known as a -
Solid stream
What determines the flow from a solid stream nozzle?
- Nozzle pressure
- Size of the discharge opening
When solid streams are used as handlines they should be operated at which a the following nozzle pressures?
50 psi.
When solid streams are used as master streams they should be operated at which a the following nozzle pressures?
80 psi.
To strike or dash about or against, clashing with the sharp collision, or to come together with force; best describes which of the following?
Impinge.
The line bounding a rounded surface or the outward boundary of an object distinguish from its internal regions best describes which a the following?
Periphery.
A turning or state of being turned, a turning from a straight line or given course, or a bending or a deviation best describes which of the following?
Deflection.
A fog stream nozzle that drives several jets of water together at a set angle to break the water up into finely divided particles is called a -
Impinging stream.
__ are produced by deflecting water from the periphery to an inside circular stem in a periphery-deflected fog nozzle.
Periphery-deflected streams
The reach of any fog stream is directly dependent on which of the following?
- The width of the stream.
- The size of the water droplets and the wind.
- The volume of water flowing.
Nozzles that are designed to flow a specific amount of water at a specific nozzle discharge pressure on all stream patterns are called -
Constant flow nozzles.
Most constant flow nozzles are intended to be operated at a nozzle pressure of -
100 psi.
A nozzle that has a number of constant flow settings, enabling the firefighter to select a flow rate that best suits the existing conditions is called -
Manually adjusted nozzles.
Which of the following nozzles is also referred to as constant pressure nozzles?
Automatic nozzles.
If the gallonage supplied to an automatic nozzle changes, the automatic nozzle -
Maintains approximately the same nozzle pressure and pattern.
An automatic nozzle -
Will maintain a constant nozzle pressure of approximately 100 PSI, no matter how much the pump discharge pressure is delivering.
High-pressure fog nozzles are designed to operate at pressures up to -
800 psi.
High-pressure fog nozzles are best used for fighting which a the following types of fires?
Wildland fires
High-pressure fog nozzles generally only flow -
8 to 15 gpm.
What is the maximum amount of water that can be safely flowed through a handline nozzle?
350 gpm.
Any fire stream that is too large to be controlled without mechanical aid is referred to as -
Masters streams.
Solid master streams are usually operated at -
80 psi
Fog master streams are usually operated at -
100 psi
Master streams normally have a flow rate of -
350 gpm or greater.
Master streams are normally used under all the following circumstances except for -
When water supplies are limited.
Which of the following would constitute the basic categories of master stream devices?
(1) Monitor (2) Deluge set (3) Turret pipe (4) Elevated master stream
A(n) __ consists of a short length of large diameter hose that has a large nozzle or large playpipe supported at the discharge end by a tripod.
Deluge set.
A(n) __ is mounted on the fire apparatus deck and is connected directly to the pump by permanent pipe
Turret pipe.
Monitors are often incorrectly referred to as deluge sets. Monitors differ from deluge sets in which of the following ways?
With monitors, stream direction and angle can be changed while water is being discharged.
Which of the following would not be considered one of the three basic types of monitors?
Automatic.
Which of the following types of master streams is often referred to as the deck gun or deck pipe?
Turret pipe.
The Ladder Pipe would be considered which of the following types of masters streams?
Elevated master stream.
What size diameter hose normally supplies ladder pipes?
3 inch.
Ladder pipes can be controlled by firefighters at the tip of the ladder.
Also by using a rope from the ground.
The movement of ladder pipes is limited to vertical up and down movements.
Moving the ladder pipe in a horizontal way can place dangerous stress on the aerial ladder.
Cellar nozzles, water-curtain nozzles, piercing nozzles, and chimney nozzles are all considered
Broken stream nozzles.
Also known as distributors, this nozzle can be lowered through holes or through some other suitable opening.
Cellar nozzle.
Which of the following nozzles is often used to protect exposures?
Water curtain nozzle.
Chimney nozzles have a normal operating pressure of -
100 psi.
Chimney nozzles will deliver __ in a very fine, misty fog cone.
1.5 - 3 gpm
Piercing nozzles are capable of delivering __ of water.
100 gpm.
As firefighters discharge water from the nozzle at a given pressure, a force pushes back upon the firefighters who are handling the hoseline. This counterforce is known as -
Nozzle reaction.
According to IFSTA, tests have revealed that the practical working limits for velocity of fire streams are within __ feet per second.
60 - 120.
When it comes to approximating the Nozzle Reaction (NR) on the fireground of a solid stream, the rule-of-thumb is to use the following formula -
NR = Nozzle Reaction Q = Total Flow Through Nozzle NP = Nozzle Pressure
NR = Q/3
