CH 7 FINAL EXAM GUIDE

Question 1

What is an ionic bond?

Answer 1

Ionic bonding is the complete transfer of valence electron(s) between atoms

Question 2

which elements usually make up an ionic bond?

Answer 2

Ionic bonds form when a nonmetal and a metal exchange electrons

Question 3

what are some properties of ionic compounds?

Answer 3

ionic bonds are very strong and a lot of energy is needed to break them, so ionic compounds have high melting points and boiling points.
ionic compounds do not conduct electricity when they are solid, but they do conduct electricity when they are dissolved in water or when they are melted.

Question 4

what is an ion?

Answer 4

an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.

Question 5

what is the difference between a cation and anion?

Answer 5

Cations are ions with a net positive charge.

Anions are ions with a net negative charge.

Question 6

how are cations named?

Answer 6

The cation has the same name as its element. For example, K+1 is called the potassium ion, just as K is called the potassium atom

Question 7

how are anions named?

Answer 7

The anion is named by taking the elemental name, removing the ending, and adding “-ide.” For example, F-1 is called fluoride, for the elemental name, fluorine. The “-ine” was removed and replaced with “-ide.”

Question 8

give 3 examples of compounds formed from ionic bonds

Answer 8

Table salt, Potassium oxide, Magnesium Oxide (MgO)

Question 9

what are valence electrons?

Answer 9

electrons that reside in the outermost shell surrounding an atomic nucleus.

Question 10

what does the octet rule state?

Answer 10

The octet rule refers to the tendency of atoms to prefer to have eight electrons in the valence shell.

Question 11

what is a covalent bond and what is an ionic bond?

Answer 11

covalent: two non metals
ionic: metal and non metal

Question 12

which type of elements usually make up a covalent bond?

Answer 12

covalent bonds form when electrons are shared between two nonmetals

Question 13

what are some properties of covalent bonds?

Answer 13

definite shape
low melting point
low boiling point
two non metals

Question 14

how do you determine the number of valence electrons using a periodic table?

Answer 14

Use the Group number (the vertical columns, excluding transition metals) to find the number of valence electrons in an atom of that element. The ones place of the group number is the number of valence electrons in an atom of these elements. In other words:
Group 1: 1 valence electron
Group 2: 2 valence electrons
(doesn’t apply to transition metals the lower wide section, for the transition metals, there isn’t a pattern you can follow )
Group 13: 3 valence electrons
Group 14: 4 valence electrons
Group 15: 5 valence electrons
Group 16: 6 valence electrons
Group 17: 7 valence electrons
Group 18: 8 valence electrons (except for helium, which has 2)

Question 15

give 3 examples of compounds formed from covalent bonds

Answer 15

hydrogen, water, carbon dioxide

Question 16

what is a metallic bond? which elements typically make up a metallic bond?

Answer 16

Metallic bonds are the force of attraction between valence electrons and the metal atoms. Metallic bonding is the main type of chemical bond that forms between metal atoms.

Question 17

what is an alloy? give 3 examples.

Answer 17

An alloy is a mixture of two or more metals. Some examples: brass, bronze, wrought iron, steel, coin metals