CH 6 FINAL EXAM GUIDE

Question 1

Who is credited with the organization of the modern periodic table?

Answer 1

Dmitri Mendeleev

Question 2

how are the elements on the periodic table arranged?

Answer 2

Mendeleev arranged the elements by atomic mass,

Question 3

what is a group on the periodic table?

Answer 3

A group in the Periodic Table is any vertical column of elements The elements in each group have the same number of electrons in the outer orbital. Those outer electrons are also called valence electrons.

Question 4

what is a period on the periodic table?

Answer 4

A period in the periodic table is a horizontal row.

Question 5

what is true about elements in the same group?

Answer 5

All elements in a row have the same number of electron shells

Question 6

what is true about elements in the same period?

Answer 6

All of the elements in a period have the same number of atomic orbitals.
For example, every element in the top row (the first period) has one orbital for its electrons. All of the elements in the second row (the second period) have two orbitals for their electrons. As you move down the table, every row adds an orbital.

Question 7

what are 4 characteristics of metals

Answer 7

Conductivity: most metals facilitate the conduction of electricity and heat.
Malleability/Ductility: metals can be molded, hammered into a sheet, drawn into a wire, etc…
Luster: metals are shiny.
Density: most metals are very dense.

Question 8

what are charasteristics of non metals

Answer 8

non-conductive They are generally poor conductors of heat and electricity.
Solid nonmetals are generally brittle,
with little or no metallic luster.
Most nonmetals have the ability to gain electrons easily.

Question 9

what is another name for the representative elements? where are they located on the periodic table?

Answer 9

Another name for the representative elements are the Group A elements or the main group elements. They are the left 2 columns and all of the columns on the right that are two blocks above or higher than the rest of the middle.

Question 10

What is another name for the transition elements? where are they located?

Answer 10

The transition metal group is called the “d-block” of the periodic table. Starting at column 3 and over until the last column of the same height, does not include the two-blocks-taller column.

Question 11

what is the trend across a period for atomic radius?

Answer 11

Atomic radius decreases from left to right within a period. Why? because of the increase in the number of protons and electrons across a period. Since the force of attraction between nuclei and electrons increases, the size of the atoms decreases.

Question 12

What is the trend in electronegativity down a group in the periodic table?

Answer 12

From top to bottom down a group, electronegativity decreases. This is because atomic number increases down a group, and thus there is an increased distance between the valence electrons and nucleus, or a greater atomic radius

Question 13

what is the trend from top to bottom in atomic radius?

Answer 13

The atomic radius of atoms generally increases from top to bottom within a group.
There is an increase in the number of occupied principle energy levels, consisting of orbitals which are larger in size than the orbitals from lower energy levels. The effect of the greater number of principal energy levels outweighs the increase in nuclear charge and so atomic radius increases down a group.

Question 14

What is the trend in electronegativity across a period in the periodic table?

Answer 14

Electronegativity increases as you move from left to right across a period on the periodic table

Question 15

What is the trend in ionic size across a period and down a group?

Answer 15

Both atomic and ionic radius follow the same trend on the periodic table. Generally, radius decreases moving across a period (row) and increases moving down a group (column).

Question 16

What is the trend across a period for ionization? energy?

Answer 16

The ionization energy of an element increases as one moves across a period in the periodic table because the electrons are held tighter by the higher effective nuclear charge.

Question 17

What is the trend down a group for ionization energy?

Answer 17

Ionization energy decreases as we go down a group.

Question 18

rank the following elements by increasing atomic radius: 
Carbon
Aluminum
Oxygen
Potassium

Answer 18

1. Aluminum
2. Potassium
3. Carbon
4. Oxygen

Question 19

Rank the following elements by increasing electronegativity:
sulfur
oxygen
neon
aluminum

Answer 19

increases left to right and top to bottom:

1. oxygen
2. Neon
3. Aluminum
4. Sulfur