CH 6 FINAL EXAM GUIDE Flashcards
Who is credited with the organization of the modern periodic table?
Dmitri Mendeleev
how are the elements on the periodic table arranged?
Mendeleev arranged the elements by atomic mass,
what is a group on the periodic table?
A group in the Periodic Table is any vertical column of elements The elements in each group have the same number of electrons in the outer orbital. Those outer electrons are also called valence electrons.
what is a period on the periodic table?
A period in the periodic table is a horizontal row.
what is true about elements in the same group?
All elements in a row have the same number of electron shells
what is true about elements in the same period?
All of the elements in a period have the same number of atomic orbitals.
For example, every element in the top row (the first period) has one orbital for its electrons. All of the elements in the second row (the second period) have two orbitals for their electrons. As you move down the table, every row adds an orbital.
what are 4 characteristics of metals
Conductivity: most metals facilitate the conduction of electricity and heat.
Malleability/Ductility: metals can be molded, hammered into a sheet, drawn into a wire, etc…
Luster: metals are shiny.
Density: most metals are very dense.
what are charasteristics of non metals
non-conductive They are generally poor conductors of heat and electricity.
Solid nonmetals are generally brittle,
with little or no metallic luster.
Most nonmetals have the ability to gain electrons easily.
what is another name for the representative elements? where are they located on the periodic table?
Another name for the representative elements are the Group A elements or the main group elements. They are the left 2 columns and all of the columns on the right that are two blocks above or higher than the rest of the middle.
What is another name for the transition elements? where are they located?
The transition metal group is called the “d-block” of the periodic table. Starting at column 3 and over until the last column of the same height, does not include the two-blocks-taller column.
what is the trend across a period for atomic radius?
Atomic radius decreases from left to right within a period. Why? because of the increase in the number of protons and electrons across a period. Since the force of attraction between nuclei and electrons increases, the size of the atoms decreases.
What is the trend in electronegativity down a group in the periodic table?
From top to bottom down a group, electronegativity decreases. This is because atomic number increases down a group, and thus there is an increased distance between the valence electrons and nucleus, or a greater atomic radius
what is the trend from top to bottom in atomic radius?
The atomic radius of atoms generally increases from top to bottom within a group.
There is an increase in the number of occupied principle energy levels, consisting of orbitals which are larger in size than the orbitals from lower energy levels. The effect of the greater number of principal energy levels outweighs the increase in nuclear charge and so atomic radius increases down a group.
What is the trend in electronegativity across a period in the periodic table?
Electronegativity increases as you move from left to right across a period on the periodic table
What is the trend in ionic size across a period and down a group?
Both atomic and ionic radius follow the same trend on the periodic table. Generally, radius decreases moving across a period (row) and increases moving down a group (column).
