Ch 7 Drug Cards Flashcards
Antacids Examples
Aluminum hydroxide, Magnesium hydroxide, Calcium carbonate (Tums), Sodium bicarbonate
MOA: Neutralizes stomach acid by raising gastric pH, promoting mucus and bicarbonate production.
Indications: GERD, Peptic ulcers, Gastritis, Acid reflux.
Antacids Adverse Effects
Nursing Considerations
Take 1-2 hours apart from other medications, chew thoroughly if tablets, avoid long-term use.
Constipation (aluminum, calcium), Diarrhea (magnesium), Acid rebound, Hypercalcemia.
“Antacids Can Make Stomach Better”
Antacids Nmeominic
“Always Check My Stomach!”
(A reminder that antacids help with stomach acid but can have side effects.
- Aluminum = A = Always Constipates”
- “Magnesium = M = Makes You Move (Diarrhea)”
- “Calcium = C = Crystals (Kidney Stones)”
- “Sodium Bicarb = S = Short Acting, Swelling (fluid retention)”
H2 Receptor Antagonists (H2 Blockers) Examples
Cimetidine, Ranitidine, Famotidine- H2 blockers end in “-tidine” (DINE)
(Come Read Foot Notes)
- Cimetidine
- Ranitidine
- Famotidine
- Nizatidine
H2 Blockers MOA
Nursing Considerations
TIDINE like “to dine”, H2 blockers reduce stomach acid, take b4 meals
H2 Blockers (Ranitine, famotidine) block these recepters –> reuding acid production
2 Hide Acid:
Hide= Blocks (hides histamine action
Acid = reduce Acid
Considerations:
Take 30-60 minutes before meals, avoid smoking (reduces effectiveness), monitor for GI bleeding.
- Take a H2 before you eat to prevent heartburn and ulcers
Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) Examples
Indications:
Omeprazole, Lansoprazole, Pantoprazole, Esomeprazole, Rabeprazole, Dexlansoprazole
Indications- GERD, Peptic ulcers, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, NSAID-induced ulcers.
PPI MOA-
Permanently Prevents Acid Increase
PPIs block the proton pump (H+/K+ ATPase) in parietal cells of the stomach.
This prevents the final step of acid secretion, reducing gastric acid production significantly
PPI Adverse Effects:
Nursing Considerations:
Osteoporosis (long-term use), Hypomagnesemia, Increased risk of infections (C. difficile, pneumonia), Kidney injury.
Consideration:
Take before meals, avoid long-term use if possible, may interact with warfarin and digoxin.
PPI-
“Only Lazy People Enjoy Really Delicious Pancakes!”
* Omeprazole
* Lansoprazole
* Pantoprazole
* Esomeprazole
* Rabeprazole
* Dexlansoprazole
Imagine a lazy person who eats a huge stack of pancakes every morning.
🔹 They get acid reflux but take a PPI (-prazole) to block acid production
PPI Adverse Effects
Nursing Considerations
Osteoporosis (long-term use), Hypomagnesemia, Increased risk of infections (C. difficile, pneumonia), Kidney injury
Considerations:
Take before meals, avoid long-term use if possible, may interact with warfarin and digoxin.
Other Acid-Controlling Agents Examples
Sucralfate: Forms a protective barrier over ulcers. Avoid in renal failure.
Misoprostol: Prostaglandin analogue, inhibits acid secretion. Avoid in pregnancy (risk of miscarriage).
Simethicone: Antiflatulent, breaks up gas bubbles.
Antidiarrheal Drugs Examples
MOA
Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol), Activated charcoal, Cholestyramine
MOA: Coats the GI tract and absorbs toxins.
Antidiarrheal drugs Contraindications,
Adverse Effects
Nursing Considerations:
Contraindications: Children (Reye’s syndrome risk)
Adverse Effects: Dark Stools, Constipation
NC: Avoid in patients on anticoagulants
Opiate Antidiarrheals Examples
MOA:
Indications:
Loperamide (Imodium), Diphenoxylate/Atropine (Lomotil), Paregoric, Opium tincture, Codeine
MOA: Slow intestinal motility.
Indications: Severe diarrhea
Contraindications: Infectious diarrhea
Opiate Antidiarrheals Adverse Effects
Nursing Considerations:
CNS depression, Constipation
Avoid in Bacterial Infections
Antiemetic and Antinausea Drugs Examples, MOA
Metoclopramide, Cisapride (Propulsid)
MOA: Enhances GI motility, blocks dopamine in CTZ.
Indications: GERD, Delayed gastric emptying, Chemotherapy-induced nausea.
Antiemetic and Antinausea Drugs Contraindications, Adverse Effects
Nursing Considerations:
Contraindications: GI obstruction, Seizure disorder.
Adverse Effects: Tardive dyskinesia, Drowsiness.
Nursing Considerations: Avoid in Parkinson’s, monitor for movement disorders.
