Ch 7: Clinical Correlates pg 185-187

Question 1

visual field deficit

Answer 1

anopsia

Question 2

loss in half of a field

Answer 2

hemianopsia

Question 3

loss in a quarter of a field

Answer 3

quadrantanopsia

Question 4

lesion in part of the visual pathway originating in nasal retina will result in deficits in what visual field?

Answer 4

temporal

*and vice versa…

Question 5

lesion in front of the optic chiasm will result in visual field defects that are….

Answer 5

monocular and ipsilateral to side of lesion

ex. complete R optic nerve lesion–>loss of vision in R eye

Question 6

small spotlike deficits in the visual field (scotomas) of that eye result from lesions in…

Answer 6

retina

Question 7

papilledema, optic neuritis (MS), blockage of central artery of retina can cause lesions where, and what signs?

Answer 7

optic nerve–>anopsia in ipsilateral eye

Question 8

aneurysm of internal carotid artery can cause what signs..

Answer 8

ipsilateral nasal hemianopsia (will compress the axons of the optic nerve that arise form the temporal part of the retina)

ex. compression of temporal retinal axons on R–>R nasal hemianopsia

Question 9

complete lesion of fibers that cross the optic chiasm can result in…

Answer 9

bitemporal heteronymous hemianopsia: loss of vision from both R and L temporal fields (only temporal axons cross)

Question 10

pituitary adenoma can cause…

Answer 10

bitemporal superior quadrantanopsia

(axons conveying visual info from superior temporal quadrants cross inferiorly in the optic chiasm and the pituitary will compress it from below)

*may eventually progress to bitemporal heteronymous hemianopsia

Question 11

craniopharyngioma or aneurysm at junction of ACA and anterior communicating artery can cause…

Answer 11

bitemporal inferior quadrantanopsia, initially

compresses from above the optic chiasm

Question 12

lesions in visual pathways past the chiasm will cause visual field deficits that are…

Answer 12

contralateral, homonymous (meaning same side in both eyes), and binocular

Question 13

complete lesion of left optic tract results in…

Answer 13

right (contralateral) homonymous hemianopsia

*can’t see right temporal hemifield or left nasal hemifield

Question 14

occlusion of the anterior choroidal artery, main blood supply to the optic tract, or the thalamogeniculate artery (a branch of the PCA that supplies the LGN) can result in…

Answer 14

contralateral homonymous hemianopsias

Question 15

pupils that are unreactive to light, but contract briskly in near response

Answer 15

Argyll Robertson pupils

Question 16

Argyll Robertson pupils are ocmmonly seen in patients with..

Answer 16

tabes dorsalis (neurosyphilis) or diabetes mellitus

Question 17

relative afferent pupillary defect from a lesion of an optic nerve and will show what type of pupil?

Answer 17

Marcus Gunn pupil

*common in MS/optic neuritis

Question 18

how can a relative afferent pupillary defect be tested?

Answer 18

swinging flashlight test

• when light is swung to affected eye, both pupils paradoxically dilate

Question 19

how will a lesion of an optic tract affect the pupillary light reflex?

Answer 19

slight suppression

Question 20

how will a lesion in the lateral geniculate nucleus or visual radiations affect the pupillary light reflex?

Answer 20

no change

*will see contralateral homonymous hemianopsia

Question 21

a lesion to the oculomotor nerve will cause the pupils to…

Answer 21

dilate on the affected side and not constrict to light presented to either eye or to the near response (efferent pupillary defect)