Ch 5: Clinical Correlates pg 141-148

Question 1

general cerebellar function

Answer 1

planning and fine-tuning/smoothinh movements by reducing error and comparing intended with actual

Question 2

general basal ganglia function

Answer 2

initiation of movement; also cognitive and limbic functions

Question 3

what type of neurons play a role in basal ganglia functions but not cerebellum?

Answer 3

dopaminergic and cholinergic

Question 4

voluntary tremor with intended movement, associated with lesion where?

Answer 4

cerebellum

Question 5

involuntary tremor or tremor at rest, associated with lesion where?

Answer 5

basal ganglia

Question 6

unilateral lesion of cerebellum results in deficits in skeletal muscle performance on what side of lesion?

Answer 6

ipsilateral

*R side cerebellum–>L UMN–>cross (corticospinal)–>R LMN–>R muscles

Question 7

associated with patients failing toward side of lesion

Answer 7

cerebellar lesion

Question 8

unilateral lesion of basal ganglia results in deficits in skeletal muscle performance on what side of lesion?

Answer 8

contralateral

*R basal ganglia–>R UMN–>cross (corticospinal)–>L LMN–>L muscles

Question 9

fibers that provide direct monosynaptic excitatory input to Purkinje cells and also influence deep cerebellar nuclei, from the inferior olive

Answer 9

climbing fibers

Question 10

fibers that provide indirect diffuse excitatory input to Purkinje cells through granule cell excitation

Answer 10

mossy fibers

Question 11

cerebellar pedundle that mainly conveys axons out of cerebellum from deep cerebellar nuclei

Answer 11

SCP

Question 12

cerebellar peduncle that conveys axons from pontine nuclei into cerebellum

Answer 12

MCP

*pontine nuclei–>contralateral lateral hemisphere

Question 13

cerebellar peduncle that conveys axons into cerebellum from spinal cord and brainstem and out of cerebellum from deep cerebellar nuclei

Answer 13

ICP

*–>vermis

Question 14

difficulty maintaining posture or balance and have motor or cerebellar ataxic gait associated with lesion in what region of the cerebellum?

Answer 14

vermal

Question 15

in cerebellar lesions, what Romberg sign will be seen?

Answer 15

patients will sway or lose their balance with eyes opened or closed

Question 16

scanning dysarthria (patients divide words into individual syllables) is associated with a lesion in what region of the cerebellum?

Answer 16

flocculonodular lobe

Question 17

abnormal conjugate gaze and coarse cerebellar nystagmus toward side of lesion is associated with a lesion in what region of the cerebellum?

Answer 17

flocculonodular lobe

*input from vestibular nerve and vestibular nuclei

Question 18

thiamine deficiency preferentially affects Purkinje cells in what region of the cerebellum and will result in what signs?

Answer 18

anterior part of the vermis (controls proximal muscles in lower limbs)

pronounced motor ataxia but no cerebellar signs in upper limbs or cranial musculature

*associated with malnourishment and alcoholism

Question 19

intention tremor, which worsens as patient approaches a target, is associated with a lesion in what region of the cerebellum?

Answer 19

hemisphere lesion

Question 20

dysmetria (fail finger-nose test), is associated with a lesion in what region of the cerebellum?

Answer 20

hemisphere lesion

Question 21

dysdiadochokinesis (decreased ability to perform rapidly alternating movements), is associated with lesion in what region of the cerebellum?

Answer 21

hemisphere lesion