Ch. 7 Cellular Respiration Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the steps in Cellular Respiration?

A
  1. Glycolosis
  2. Intermediate Step
  3. Kreb’s Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
  4. Electron Transport Chain/Chemiosmosis
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2
Q

Define Cellular Respiration

A

catabolic processes that convert energy into chemical bonds of nutrients to chemical energy stored in ATP.

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3
Q

Define Aerobic Respiration

A

a redox reaction in which glucose becomes oxidized and oxygen becomes reduced.

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4
Q

Define Anaerobic Respiration

A

used by Prokaryotes in anaerobic environments and does not use oxygen as the final electron receptor.

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5
Q

Where does Glycolysis occur?

A

In the Cytosol

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6
Q

What does Glycolysis do?

A

Metabolizes the 6-Carbon sugar glucose into two 3-Carbon molecules of Pyruvate.

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7
Q

Does Glycolysis require Oxygen?

A

No, it does not.

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8
Q

What is the net yield at the end of Glycolysis?

A

2 Pyruvate
2 ATP
2 NADH

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9
Q

How many phases occur in Glycolysis?

A

Two Phases

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10
Q

Describe the steps involved in Phase 1 of Glycolysis

A

1) 2 ATP are used to start the process
2) Glucose is made into [Fructose-1, 6-Biphosphate] using the 2 ATP
3) [Fructose-1, 6-Biphosphate] is broken into two G3P [Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate]

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11
Q

Describe the steps involved in Phase 2 of Glycolysis

A

1) At the end of Glycolysis, 2 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 Pyruvate
2) 2 Pyruvate moved into the next step

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12
Q

What occurs in the Intermediate Step of Cellular Respiration?

A

Each Pyruvate (2) becomes acetyl CoA.

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13
Q

How does the Pyruvate (2) become acetyl CoA (2)

A
  1. CO2 released
  2. Electrons are added to NAD+ to make NADH
  3. CoA attaches to the molecule, creating acetyl CoA
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14
Q

Where does the Citric Acid Cycle occur?

A

In the matrix of the mitochondria

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15
Q

What happens to the Acetyl CoA from the Intermediate Step in the Citric Acid Cycle?

A

Acetyl CoA loses Co’-A. The remaining molecule joins into oxaloacetate to form Citrate (6-Carbon).

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16
Q

Name the molecules in order from the top of the Citric Acid Cycle

A
  1. Co-A
  2. Citrate
  3. 5-Carbon compound
  4. 4-Carbon
  5. Oxaloacetate
17
Q

What is the net Yield per one Acetyl CoA in the cycle?

A

1 ATP
3 NADH
1 FADH2
2 CO2 formed and lost

18
Q

What are the total products in Steps 1-3 of Cellular Respiration?

A

4 ATP, 10 NADH, 2 FADH2

19
Q

How much is 1 NADH worth in terms of ATP?

A

3 ATP (Step 4)

20
Q

How much is 1 FADH2 worth in terms of ATP?

A

2 ATP (Step 4)

21
Q

What is the total ATP product of Step 4 (ETC & Chemiosmosis)?

A

~ 34 ATP (NADH conversion ranges 28-30 ATP)

22
Q

What is the total sum of ATP product in Cellular Respiration?

A

1 molecule of Glucose yields a maximum of 34-38 ATP

2 from Glycolysis
2 from the Citric Acid Cycle
32-34 from ETC & Chemiosmosis