Ch. 7 Cellular Respiration Flashcards
What are the steps in Cellular Respiration?
- Glycolosis
- Intermediate Step
- Kreb’s Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
- Electron Transport Chain/Chemiosmosis
Define Cellular Respiration
catabolic processes that convert energy into chemical bonds of nutrients to chemical energy stored in ATP.
Define Aerobic Respiration
a redox reaction in which glucose becomes oxidized and oxygen becomes reduced.
Define Anaerobic Respiration
used by Prokaryotes in anaerobic environments and does not use oxygen as the final electron receptor.
Where does Glycolysis occur?
In the Cytosol
What does Glycolysis do?
Metabolizes the 6-Carbon sugar glucose into two 3-Carbon molecules of Pyruvate.
Does Glycolysis require Oxygen?
No, it does not.
What is the net yield at the end of Glycolysis?
2 Pyruvate
2 ATP
2 NADH
How many phases occur in Glycolysis?
Two Phases
Describe the steps involved in Phase 1 of Glycolysis
1) 2 ATP are used to start the process
2) Glucose is made into [Fructose-1, 6-Biphosphate] using the 2 ATP
3) [Fructose-1, 6-Biphosphate] is broken into two G3P [Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate]
Describe the steps involved in Phase 2 of Glycolysis
1) At the end of Glycolysis, 2 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 Pyruvate
2) 2 Pyruvate moved into the next step
What occurs in the Intermediate Step of Cellular Respiration?
Each Pyruvate (2) becomes acetyl CoA.
How does the Pyruvate (2) become acetyl CoA (2)
- CO2 released
- Electrons are added to NAD+ to make NADH
- CoA attaches to the molecule, creating acetyl CoA
Where does the Citric Acid Cycle occur?
In the matrix of the mitochondria
What happens to the Acetyl CoA from the Intermediate Step in the Citric Acid Cycle?
Acetyl CoA loses Co’-A. The remaining molecule joins into oxaloacetate to form Citrate (6-Carbon).
Name the molecules in order from the top of the Citric Acid Cycle
- Co-A
- Citrate
- 5-Carbon compound
- 4-Carbon
- Oxaloacetate
What is the net Yield per one Acetyl CoA in the cycle?
1 ATP
3 NADH
1 FADH2
2 CO2 formed and lost
What are the total products in Steps 1-3 of Cellular Respiration?
4 ATP, 10 NADH, 2 FADH2
How much is 1 NADH worth in terms of ATP?
3 ATP (Step 4)
How much is 1 FADH2 worth in terms of ATP?
2 ATP (Step 4)
What is the total ATP product of Step 4 (ETC & Chemiosmosis)?
~ 34 ATP (NADH conversion ranges 28-30 ATP)
What is the total sum of ATP product in Cellular Respiration?
1 molecule of Glucose yields a maximum of 34-38 ATP
2 from Glycolysis
2 from the Citric Acid Cycle
32-34 from ETC & Chemiosmosis
