Ch 7 Cell Structure

Question 1

How many lenses does a compound microscope use and name them

Answer 1

2
Objective lens and an eyepiece lens

Question 2

How is the total magnification of the image calculated

Answer 2

By multiplying the power of the two lenses

Question 3

What is an ultrastructure

Answer 3

The detail of the structure as seen using on electron microscope

Question 4

What do electron microscopes use instead of light

Answer 4

A beam of electrons

Question 5

Why are electron microscopes ideal for observing very small structures

Answer 5

As electrons are invisible the images are often converted to an image on the screen. They produce very clear images

Question 6

Name two types of electron microscopes

Answer 6

A transmission electron microscope (TEM) sends a beam of electrons through a thin section of the specimen. This shows the internal structure of the specimen in great detail.
Scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a beam of electrons to provide a surface view of the specimen.

Question 7

What’s another name for the cell membrane

Answer 7

Plasma

Question 8

What’s another name for plasma

Answer 8

Cell membrane

Question 9

What is plasma composed of

Answer 9

Phospholipids and proteins

Question 10

 The phospholipids are arranged into groups what are they called and What are double layers called

Answer 10

Hydrophilic phosphate group and a hydrophobic lipid group
Bilayers 

Question 11

Describe where the phosphate are and where the lipids are on the phospholipid

Answer 11

The phosphates are on the exposed outer surface with the lipids in the middle

Question 12

Name four function of membranes

Answer 12

1. Retain the cell contents
2. Recognise molecules that touch them
3. Controls what enters and leaves the cell (semi-permeable membrane)
4. Give some support to the cell

Question 13

In a membrane protein molecules are completely or partially fixed in the phospholipid bilayer……where are they then

Answer 13

Some are attached to the bilayer others are detachable and can move through the bilayer

Question 14

Function of the nucleus

Answer 14

Control centre of the cell

Question 15

What is a nucleus surrounded by

Answer 15

A double membrane with numerous nuclear pores

Question 16

What are the function of nuclear pores

Answer 16

They allow the controlled entry and exit of molecules into and out of the nucleus

Question 17

What does the nucleus contain strands of

Answer 17

 Deoxyribonucleic acid - DNA

Question 18

DNA is arranged into structures, what are they called

Answer 18

chromosomes

Question 19

What are genes

Answer 19

Inform the cell how to make certain proteins
they are the units of inheritance

Question 20

what happens when a cell is not dividing 

Answer 20

They are very elongated and interwoven. in this form they are called chromatin

Question 21

Chromatin

Answer 21

The name given to chromosomes when they are not dividing and elongated

Question 22

What is the nucleolus

Answer 22

The nucleolus is an area of the nucleus that stains very darkly
It makes ribosomes

Question 23

Cytoplasm

Answer 23

Many of the reactions in a cell take place here

Question 24

Describe the cytoplasm

Answer 24

Jellylike liquid that surrounds the nucleus

Question 25

What are suspended in the cytoplasm

Answer 25

A number of small bodies called Organelles Such as  Mitochondria, chloroplast and ribosomes

Question 26

What is all the living parts of a cell called

Answer 26

 Protoplasm

Question 27

What is the protoplasm made up of

Answer 27

The nucleus and the surrounding cytoplasm

Question 28

Mitochondria

Answer 28

Supplying energy to the cell and are the sites of respiration

Question 29

What do cells with many mitochondria produce

Answer 29

lots of energy- Muscle, liver in animals, meristems in plants

Question 30

What do cells with few mitochondria produce?

Answer 30

Less energy- fat in humans, ground tissue in plants

Question 31

What are mitochondria surrounded by?

Answer 31

A double membrane

Question 32

Where is energy released in the mitochondria?

Answer 32

On The inner membrane, especially the infoldings

Question 33

The more infoldings that are present, (finish the sentence)

Answer 33

The greater the surface area for cellular respiration, which results in the production of greater quantities of energy

Question 34

Each mitochondrion has its own loop of ( finish the sentence)

Answer 34

DNA

Question 35

Chloroplast

Answer 35

Green structures in plants in which photosynthesis takes place

Question 36

What are chloroplasts surrounded by?

Answer 36

Double membranes

Question 37

Name two things that a chloroplast has

Answer 37

-Membrane stacks, which contains the green pigment chlorophyll - A loop of DNA

Question 38

Cell wall

Answer 38

Support and strengthen the cell

Question 39

What are plant cell walls made of?

Answer 39

Cellulose (which is a structural polysacchoride). They are fully permeable which means all molecules can pass through cell walls

Question 40

Animal Points to learn

Answer 40

The protoplasm is all the living parts of the cell.it is made up of the nucleus and the surrounding cytoplasm The cytoplasm is the living material in a cell outside the nucleus Many of the reactions in acell take place in a cytoplasm

Question 41

Plant cell points to learn

Answer 41

The vacuole helps to give the cell strength an shape and may also store materials Vacuoles contain a fluid called cell sap this is a solution of salts, sugars and pigments

Question 42

What are cells that do not have a nucleus or all membrane called

Answer 42

Prokaryotic cells

Question 43

Prokaryotic Cells features- 5 points

Answer 43

Are single-celled Have a circular loop of DNA (not surrounded by a membrane) Have small cells Do not have membrane and enclosed structures such as mitochondria and chloroplasts Include bacteria

Question 44

Eukaryotic cells

Answer 44

I have a nucleus in the cell organelles all of which are enclosed by membranes

Question 45

Enkaryatic cells - 5 points

Answer 45

Have a nucleus May have membrane-enclosed organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts Have large cells Include animal, plants and fungi Ave more advanced than prokaryotes

Question 46

What are cells

Answer 46

The basic units of a structure and function in an organism

Question 47

Organelle

Answer 47

A cell component that reforms specific functions for the cell

Question 48

Difference between animal and plant cells

Answer 48

Animals cells Have small vacuoles generally No cells wall No chloroplast Plant cells Have cell wall Large central vacuole Have chloroplast (chlorophyll)