Ch 7 and 23 material

Question 1

What is the latin name for glands?

Answer 1

“acorn”

Question 2

What is the definition of Endocrine?

Answer 2

Internal secretion of hormones directly into

the bloodstream to reach target cells.

Question 3

The glands and hormones help to what?

Answer 3

Help regulate how the body works-it’s metabolism

Question 4

What are the 3 ways that the hormones act

on target cells?

Answer 4

1. By controlling the rate of enzymatic reactions.
2. By controlling the transport of ions or molecules across cell membranes
3. By controlling gene expression and the synthesis of proteins.

Question 5

What are the target cells?

Answer 5

The cells that the hormones will be acting upon

Question 6

Specificity of signaling can be controlled if only what?

Answer 6

Some cells can respond to a particular

hormone.

Question 7

What to the paracrine signals target?

Answer 7

Only cells in the vicinity of the emitting cell.

Question 8

Some signaling molecules can function as both a hormone and a _____.

Answer 8

Neurotransmitter

Question 9

What is Autocrine signaling?

Answer 9

A local chemical signal that acts on the cell that secreted it.

Question 10

Estrogen can be released by the ovary and function as a hormone or act what?

Answer 10

Locally via paracrine to stimulate oogenesis

Question 11

Testosterone can be released by the testes and fuction as a hormone or act what?

Answer 11

Locally via paracrine to stimulate spermatogensis

Question 12

What is Redox signaling?

Answer 12

Where active species of oxygen and nitric oxide can also act as cellular messengers.

Question 13

Protection=

Answer 13

Antioxidants+Reductants

Question 14

Imalance =

Answer 14

cell damage

Question 15

balance=

Answer 15

optimal health

Question 16

What is the definition of Hormones?

Answer 16

Literally “to arouse, set into motion, or urge on”

Question 17

What are non-steroids?

Answer 17

Amino acid compounds Do NOT dissolve in lipids

Question 18

What are the 5 Non-Steroids?

Answer 18

Amines, Protein, Glycoproteins, and Peptide, and Prostaglandins

Question 19

What are amines derived from?

Answer 19

Amino acid tyrosine-epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 20

Hormones associated with protein are?

Answer 20

parathyroid hormone(PTH), growth(GH), and prolactin(PRL)

Question 21

Glycoproteins are proteins joined to what?

Answer 21

carbohydrates

Question 22

Hormones associated with Glycoproteins are?

Answer 22

follicle stimulating (FSH) luteinizing (LH) thyroid stimulating(TSH)

Question 23

Peptide’s are short chains of what?

Answer 23

amino acids

Question 24

Hormones associated with peptides are what?

Answer 24

Antidiuretic(ADH) oxytocin(OT) thyrotropin releasing(TRH) somatostatin(SS) and gonadotropin releasing (GnRH)

Question 25

These are lipdi based and derived from cholesterol?

Answer 25

Steroids

Question 26

Do steroids dissolve in lipids?

Answer 26

Yes they do

Question 27

RH releasing hormone from the hypothalamus | relase hormoes from the anterior portion of the pituitary gland

Answer 27

Hormonal stimulus

Question 28

Nervous system directly stimulates some glands

Answer 28

Neural stimulus

Question 29

High blood levels of a given hormone serve to "turn off" or inhibit further section of that hormone

Answer 29

Humoral stimulus

Question 30

What are the 3 types of negative feeback stimuluses?

Answer 30

Hormonal, Neural and Humoral

Question 31

What does the Pituitary gland do?

Answer 31

Effects other glands

Question 32

What are the 3 thyroid hormones?

Answer 32

Thyroxine and triiodothyronine, and calcitonin

Question 33

What does the parathyroid hormone do?

Answer 33

regulates calcium exchange btw blood and bones by increasing concentration in the blood

Question 34

Hormones of the adreanal cortex?

Answer 34

Cortisol, Aldosterone, and sex hormones

Question 35

What does cortisol do?

Answer 35

aid in the metabolism of carbs, proteins, and fats, active during stress by increasing the levels of nutrients in the blood, also suppresses the immune response

Question 36

What does aldosterone do?

Answer 36

Aids in regulating electrolytes and water balance

Question 37

What are the hormones of the pancreatic islets?

Answer 37

Insulin and glucagon

Question 38

What are the two types of stress?

Answer 38

Physical and Psychological

Question 39

What does physical stress do?

Answer 39

threatens tissues directly

Question 40

What does psychological stress do?

Answer 40

Results from thought about real or imagined dangers, perosnal losses, unpleasent social interactions, or any threatening factors

Question 41

What happens if someone is under alot of stress for a long period of time?

Answer 41

The stress hormones can start to undermine their health.

Question 42

What are the long term effects of stress from hormones?

Answer 42

Increased blood clotting, elevated blood cholesterol levels, weaken the immune system in the long term, increases in blood pressure, and chonically tensed muscles.

Question 43

What does excess cortisol in the blood do?

Answer 43

Interferes with mood enhancing neurotransmitters called seotonin.

Question 44

What are some of the disturbances of seotonin that people experience?

Answer 44

clinical depression and anxiety disorders, insomnia, obesity, increased sensitivity to pain, decreased antibody production, and depressed lyphochyte proliferation and diminished activity of natural killer cells.

Question 45

What are steroid hormones derived from?

Answer 45

Cholesterol

Question 46

Where are the peptide hormones made?

Answer 46

In tissues from all over the body

Question 47

Cells that secrete steroid hormones have an unusually large amount of what?

Answer 47

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 48

Why are most of the steroid hormones found in the blood and not in plasma or other body fluids?

Answer 48

Because they are not very soluble

Question 49

Most amine hormoes are derived from what amino acid?

Answer 49

Tyrosine