Ch. 7 Acid-Base Flashcards
What are the three different types of acids?
Arrhenius acids (acids dissociate to form H+ ions, and bases dissociate to form 0H-)
Brownstein-Lowry (Acids are a proton donor, and bases are a proton accceptor)
Lewis acid (acids are an electron acceptor, bases are an electron donor)
What is Kw?
Water auto-ionization equilibrium constant.
It is the reaction of water with it’s self to form ions.
(H3O & OH-)
How is water auto-ionization calculated?
products/reactants (H2O is not included)
(T/F) Kw is temperature dependant.
True.
Water has a higher ionization at a higher temp.
How does Ka differ? (High vs Low)
High Ka = acids dissolve easily
Low Ka = Acid Does not dissolve easily
How does a high Kb effect the value?
High Kb means a base dissolves into large products
water reacts with base to form conjugate acid
How are Ka and pH values reflected in a strong acid?
They have large Ka values (products increase, and reactants decrease)
Strong acids also produce solutions with low pH
How are Kb and pH values reflected in a strong base?
They have large Kb values
Strong bases fully react with water to gain a proton
Strong bases increase pH level
How do weak bases and acids differ from Strong ones?
The have a small Ka/Kb value
They also favor reactants over products
Which compounds are the strong Acids?
HI, HBr, HCl (Halogen acids)
HNO3, H2SO4
HClO3, HClO4
Which compounds are strong bases?
Hydroxides of alkali or alkali earth metals (NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)2)
NH2-, H-, CH3O-, CH3CH2O-, C2H5ONa
What does p mean?
negative logarithum
How do you calculate pH?
-log [H3O]
Ho do you calculate pOH-?
-log [OH-]
How do you calculate pKw?
-log Kw
How do you calculate Kw?
[H3O+]x[OH-]
pKw = pH + pOH (@25C)
Since pKa/pKb values have a -log, this means they have a _____ relationship to Ka/Kb.
inverse
increase Ka = decreased pKa
IN relation to a strong Acid/Base what would the Ka value be?
high Ka/Kb
In relation to a weak acid/base, what would the pKa/pKb value be?
High pKa/pKb
For nomenclature, how do you name organic acids (compounds that contin Carbon-hydrogen bonds)
-oic
carboxylic acid
For nomenclature, how do you name inorganic acids (compounds w/o oxygen or carbon)?
Combine root of parent name with -ic acid as suffix.
Hydroiodic acid
For nomenclature, how do you name an oxyacid (inorganic acids that have an oxygen but no carbon)?
The name depends on how many oxygen atoms are present.
The suffix - ic (for compounds that are normally -ate)
the suffix -ous (for compounds that are normally -ite)
