Ch. 7-9

Question 1

How many side does a 2-D coffin have ?

Answer 1

6

Question 2

What does Anthropoidal mean

Answer 2

resembling human

Question 3

coffin is derived from _______

Answer 3

Koffinos

Question 4

How many sides does a casket have?

Answer 4

4

Question 5

Why were coffins not always used in early American burials?

Answer 5

They needed immediate burials because of sickness, starvation, and hostile environments

Question 6

What did Dutch and Virginia colonists wrap the bodies in for temporary preservation prior to coffin burial

Answer 6

they wrapped the bodies cerecloth (wax dipped )

Question 7

The specialized field of coffin making grew out of ________

Answer 7

woodworking

Question 8

The demands for coffins was met by ____producers . Shipping was ____ and ______

Answer 8

Local, slow, and expensive

Question 9

What was the difference between expensive and non expensive woods ?

Answer 9

expensive woods are hardwoods and stained and les expensive might soft woods, painted or unfinished.

Question 10

Coffin shops branched out of _______ ______

Answer 10

cabinet makers

Question 11

Coffin market grew after the war of ____

Answer 11

1812

Question 12

Soft wood is pine and hard wood is _______

Answer 12

Mahogany

Question 13

Why did coffins begin to change in 1800 ?

Answer 13

increase utility, signify societal role, and provides protection against elements and grave robbers

Question 14

Why were graves robbed?

Answer 14

to provide bodies to advance knowledge of anatomy

Question 15

Why were coffins lined with lead , iron, and other metals.

Answer 15

to prevent the activities of ghouls

Question 16

What were 5 functions of a burial container (casket )

Answer 16

utility, status indication, preservation of the body, protection, and Aesthetic representation

Question 17

Who mainly used Fisk Metallic Coffins?

Answer 17

Rich people

Question 18

True or false Fisk metallic coffins prevented decay and could be filled with preservative or antibacterial gas

Answer 18

True

Question 19

in early 1800 who dominated manufactures of coffins?

Answer 19

cabinet makers and small coffin shops

Question 20

in late 1800 who dominated the manufacturing of coffins?

Answer 20

mas metal production allowed stove manufactures to get into the burial container business

Question 21

Casket was derived off of what word that means what?

Answer 21

cassette means small box for something valuable

Question 22

True or false all caskets are metal or wood

Answer 22

False there are some cloth covered caskets

Question 23

What are the three types of casket construction material ?

Answer 23

traditional(wood coffin), Metallic (mummy case), and cloth covered metal reinforced burial case.

Question 24

What are some types of burial containers that were Alsorans

Answer 24

glass coffins, cruciform caskets, terra cotta, and wicker basket

Question 25

What were 2 life signaling items they could put in the coffin?

Answer 25

Bell or flag

Question 26

What were vaults originally for?

Answer 26

protect the deceased from grave robbers

Question 27

Historically why was there embalming in America?

Answer 27

so people of high social stature could lay in state

Question 28

In early embalming techniques the body was disemboweled, cavities filled with charcoal, and immersed in alcohol . With this method what was not being addressed?

Answer 28

presentation !

Question 29

True or false during the 1800 , in America preservation was achieved through refrigeration

Answer 29

True

Question 30

What did they call their refrigeration units?

Answer 30

Corpse coolers, cooling board, or icebox for the torso

Question 31

What are the three main reasons for embalming today?

Answer 31

preservation, presentation, and disinfection

Question 32

Around what war was chemical embalming via injection popularized in American Funeral Culture ?

Answer 32

Civil War

Question 33

What did the cooling board later on be called that we know of today?

Answer 33

embalming table

Question 34

What French Chemist wrote the 1st text on embalming?

Answer 34

Gannal

Question 35

Who translated the 1st test of embalming to English?

Answer 35

Harlan

Question 36

Who is considered the Father of American embalming?

Answer 36

Dr. Thomas Holmes

Question 37

True or false Dr. Tomas Holmes was a prominent embalmer at the time of the civil war and utilized arterial embalming

Answer 37

True

Question 38

Who is Prince Greer ?

Answer 38

The first Documented African American embalmer

Question 39

Who is Richard Burr?

Answer 39

worked as an embalmer surgeon for the civil war and was held in a hearing for fraud and extortion

Question 40

What was the “Order Concerning Embalmers" ? ​

Answer 40

because of Richard Burr fraud case they held him to fraud and from then on made it more strict on embalmers having their license to embalm on soldier's during the civil war

Question 41

Who developed the "embalming pump" ?

Answer 41

Dr. Thomas Holmes (Father of American embalming)

Question 42

Explain what a Trocar is

Answer 42

Hollow needle through which fluids and gasses can be passed. Used in cavity embalming.​

Question 43

What are "belly punctures"

Answer 43

people who only cavity embalmed and didn't use the arterial system .

Question 44

True or false embalming was initially carried out by people who had a medical background

Answer 44

True

Question 45

Fluid company salespeople were termed _________

Answer 45

Professors

Question 46

What pharmacist began the 1st school for embalming?

Answer 46

Joseph Clarke

Question 47

Define a cortege

Answer 47

a solemn procession, especially for a funeral. An idea that the procession is a social act that imparts importance in dignity

Question 48

What were 4 countries in history that involved corteges in their ceremonies?

Answer 48

Egyptians, Greeks, Scandinavians, and Romans

Question 49

Hirpex is Latin for what word meaning rake?

Answer 49

Hearse , the original hearse looked like a rectangular rake with tines (fork like ends) pointed upward

Question 50

True or false church burials did NOT require a hearse

Answer 50

true

Question 51

Why did they begin using Horse drawn carriages?

Answer 51

they were needed as distances for burials became longer

Question 52

Why didn't everyone use wagons with their hearses in the colonial times?

Answer 52

It could be expensive , it became a side business for carriage manufactures

Question 53

Hearses are traditionally black, in what case would they possibly be white?

Answer 53

Children's hearses are often white