Ch. 5-6

Question 1

What did the American Colonial , English speaking people seek?

Answer 1

Fortune, fame, freedom of religion, for the most part just a decent human existence

Question 2

What did American Colonials bring that remains as a basic substructure to the distinctive American mode of living?

Answer 2

Beliefs, skills, arts, crafts, and a social heritage

Question 3

True or false according to the Early puritan laws and practices members of the clergy were allowed to participate in funerals and weddings

Answer 3

False , Early puritan and practices forbade them

Question 4

According to the Early puritan laws and practices weddings and funerals were considered to be _____ ceremonies

Answer 4

Civil

Question 5

According to the Early puritan laws and practices the body was to be _______ w/o _______ of ceremony or prayer

Answer 5

interred, benefit

Question 6

According to the Early puritan laws and practices burials were silent and consisted of what two main parts?

Answer 6

Procession (like a parade) to the grave and placemen/filling of the grave

Question 7

What was the only way to show respect for the diseased in the Early puritan days and practices

Answer 7

Having very elaborate tombstones

Question 8

Define Hearse

Answer 8

a hand carried bier(moveable frame to carry coffin) with candles or spikes on the corners

Question 9

Define Broadside

Answer 9

A eulogy(writing that praises) on a handbill with standard morbid decorations like skulls and crossbones

Question 10

What are 7 things that could be given to the attending colonials at a funeral ?

Answer 10

rings, scarves, gloves, purses, needle racks, tobacco, and liquor

Question 11

Why was the Sumptuary law passed in 1651?

Answer 11

estates were being used up completely in giving gifts at the funeral, often times leaving the widow broke AF

Question 12

During general practices of Colonial days what did they do to the body if they died on warmer days?

Answer 12

the bodies were disemboweled and wrapped in cerecloth (wax cloth)

Question 13

_____ were distributed to all those who attended during the practices of Colonial days

Answer 13

Gifts

Question 14

During general practices of Colonial days how did a funeral begin? Where?

Answer 14

Funerals began with a sermon in the church

Question 15

During general practices of Colonial days Sermons were often printed on the __________

Answer 15

Broadsides (paper with eulogy )

Question 16

What does a pal bearer do ?

Answer 16

help carry the bier (frame that holds casket/coffin)

Question 17

In general practices of Colonial days the widow had the duty of _____ and _______ of all the guests

Answer 17

feeding and housing

Question 18

In general practices of Colonial days what 3 things were EXPECTED to be given out by the Widow?

Answer 18

food , liquor, and Tobacco

Question 19

What is a blunder bus ?

Answer 19

a short-barreled large-bored gun with a flared muzzle, used at short range.

Question 20

In general practices of Colonial days what was a “Furious fusillade”

Answer 20

A discharge from a number of firearms, fired simultaneously or in rapid succession (powder and shots provided by widow)

Question 21

True or false In general practices of Colonial days Funerals were used to teach children about death

Answer 21

True and often in a cruel manner

Question 22

When regarding the Dutch colony funeral customs what was an Aanspreecker?

Answer 22

a licensed official who directed funerals

Question 23

When regarding the Dutch colony funeral customs what was a Monkey-Spoon ?

Answer 23

an image of a saint (looked more like an animal) on the handle of spoons

Question 24

________ changed funeral laws and customs

Answer 24

Revolutions such as 1775 war of independence and economic wars

Question 25

1775

Answer 25

war of independence

Question 26

What type of acts made changes in funeral customs after 1775?

Answer 26

Embargo (trading with other countries)

Question 27

In newer customs after 1775 gloves were only given to the ______

Answer 27

bearers

Question 28

In the newer customs after 1775 how many shilling were sextons and undertakers allowed to charge for each service ?

Answer 28

8 shillings

Question 29

As far as class distinction before and after the War of Independence in 1775 how did it change?

Answer 29

Before the war there was no class distinction at funerals and after the war there was

Question 30

When were funerals more secular (religiously unbiased )

Answer 30

After the war they were less religious

Question 31

After the was of 1775 how was the persons status shown at the funeral ?

Answer 31

Number of plumes on the top of the hearse

Question 32

Potentially in the gap between the early 1800’s, and the 1st quarter of the 1900’s did what begin to develop ?

Answer 32

occupation of undertaking

Question 33

Funeral directing as an occupation was born in America in what century ?

Answer 33

19th century

Question 34

Specific funeral tasks were carried out in early America by what 5 other occupational areas ?

Answer 34

upholsters, cabinet makers, liverymen(uniforms?), nurses, and sextons

Question 35

Who is Blanche White?

Answer 35

The 1st to advertise as an undertaker in the new York journal

Question 36

Cabinet makers became _____ makers and _____

Answer 36

coffin , undertakers

Question 37

In early American days before the midwives in 1810 who closed the eyes, washed body and chested the descendant ?

Answer 37

friends and neighbors

Question 38

True or false preparing the diseased moved to tradespeople and became male dominant

Answer 38

True

Question 39

Who could decide and had the authority to say who and where a person could be burried at their cemetery?

Answer 39

Sexton

Question 40

What were municipal officers?

Answer 40

Knocked on house doors to invite people to the funerals . they were paid by community and charged a few to the family

Question 41

The coroner was also commonly the ______

Answer 41

undertaker

Question 42

What types of jobs did the TOWN UNDERTAKER have?

Answer 42

handled county, sanitation officer, and registrar of deaths

Question 43

The development of service occupation started with what three main things

Answer 43

preparation, transportation, and coffining