Ch. 7,9,10,11

Question 1

Clinical trials

Answer 1

studies the effectiveness of treatment, true experiement

Question 2

comparison groups

Answer 2

comparing 2 groups, both with the same DV and different IV, so comparison occurs in terms of DV

Question 3

control group

Answer 3

randomly assigned group that is not assigned an IV, used for comparison

Question 4

correlational studies

Answer 4

studies that describe interrelationships in variables

Question 5

cross sectional

Answer 5

study design that collects data around a point in time

Question 6

descriptive design

Answer 6

QL design that promotes description of phenomenon in data collection

Question 7

ethnography

Answer 7

QL study design where one is immersed in or studies culture to describe it

Question 8

experimental designs

Answer 8

QN design, manipulates IV’s, has a control group, random assignemnt

Question 9

experimenter effects

Answer 9

threat to external validity, occurs when a researcher/data collector influences the study outcome

Question 10

external validity

Answer 10

how accurately has the study produced knowledge that is applicable outside of the study, the extent to which results are applicable

Question 11

grounded theory

Answer 11

QL design, interactions promote links to concepts, creating a theory based on/grounded in the reality of the participants

Question 12

hawthorne effect

Answer 12

threat to external validity, occurs when subjects change only d/t the fact they are being studied

Question 13

historical research method

Answer 13

QL design, used to answer questions/make links about the past, to understand present/plan future

Question 14

history

Answer 14

threat to internal validity, occurs due to a factor outside the study, affects DV

Question 15

instrumentation

Answer 15

threat to internal validity that refers to changing measures in a study from one point to another

Question 16

longitudinal

Answer 16

design that collects data over time

Question 17

maturation

Answer 17

threat to internal validity, occurs when DV changes d/t passing of time, NOT d/t DV changes from the IV

Question 18

measurement effects

Answer 18

threat to external validity, various procedures used to collect data change results of the study

Question 19

model

Answer 19

symbolic framework for a theory or part of a theory

Question 20

mortality

Answer 20

threat to interval validity, refers to loss of subjects d/t consistent framework r/t DV

Question 21

multifactoral

Answer 21

study that has many IV that are manipulated

Question 22

novelty effects

Answer 22

threat to external validity, occurs when new knowledge is being done and affects the outcome in any way

Question 23

phenomenology

Answer 23

QL, used to increase understanding of experience, assumes lived experience can be interperted by distilling the essence of experience

Question 24

pretest-posttest

Answer 24

design that includes observation before/after intervention

Question 25

prospective designs

Answer 25

design that collects data/events moving forward with time

Question 26

quasi-experimental study

Answer 26

includes manipulation of a IV, lacks either a control group or random assignment

Question 27

reactivity effefcts

Answer 27

threat to external validity, refers to the subjects responses being studied

Question 28

repeated measures

Answer 28

designs that repeat measures several times during study

Question 29

research design

Answer 29

overall plan for acquiring new knowledge

Question 30

retrospective desings

Answer 30

QN design, collect data about events/factors going back in time

Question 31

selection bias

Answer 31

when subjects have unique characerteristics similar to the DV, raising the question if the findings were due to this or the IV

Question 32

testing

Answer 32

threat to internal validity, change in DV because its being measured or due to the measure itself

Question 33

conceptual framework

Answer 33

underlying str for knowledge building/testing, made up of concepts and relationships

Question 34

deductive knowledge

Answer 34

taking a general theory and seeking specific facts to support it

Question 35

directional hypothesis

Answer 35

predicts a connection between 2+ variables + the nature of the connection

Question 36

inductive knowledge

Answer 36

collecting specific facts to create a general theory

Question 37

literature review

Answer 37

synthesis of published writings, describes what is known about a particular subject

Question 38

nondirectional hypothesis

Answer 38

predicts a connection between 2 variables, not the nature of the connection

Question 39

peer review

Answer 39

critique of work by 2+ people, who have knowledge on the topic

Question 40

research hypothesis

Answer 40

prediction of relationships between variables

Question 41

research objective

Answer 41

clear statements of facts, aim, purpose

Question 42

secondary source

Answer 42

somebody elses interpretation of a primary source

Question 43

specific aim

Answer 43

clear statements of the factors measured to gain new knowledge

Question 44

theoretical framework

Answer 44

underlying str that describes how abstract aspects of research interrelate based on theories

Question 45

aggregated data

Answer 45

data thats reported for an entire group

Question 46

assumptions

Answer 46

ideas taken for granted without conscious or explicit testing

Question 47

codebook

Answer 47

record of categorization in QN studies

Question 48

dissemination

Answer 48

spreading or sharing of knowledge

Question 49

pilot study

Answer 49

small study dev for preperation of implementation of study