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Reef eco > Ch 7 > Flashcards

Ch 7 Flashcards

0
Q

What vertebrate fish are fished?

A

Largest predators first

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1
Q

How are reefs important to small island nations?

A

Fish provide protein
Maldives 50% reef and pelagic
Kiribati 30%

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2
Q

How do spawning aggregations affect populations?

A

When groupers spawn many times they are exploited since thy are grouped together. Causing drastic declines in numbers.

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3
Q

What are used in the Caribbean and indo pacific to fish?

A

Traps
Purse seines
Spearfishing

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4
Q

What are types of destructive fishing methods?

A

Dynamite
Cyanide
Longlinea

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5
Q

What invertebrates are caught ?

A 
Octopus 
Sea cucumber 
Paolo worm
Giant clams
Urchins
Spiny lobster
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6
Q

What fish are exported?

A

Trochus shells
Giant clams
Cucumber

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7
Q

Do small scale artisanal and recreational fishing have a large impact?

A

Yes, such as lobster season. It can wipe out a pop in a short amount of time.

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8
Q

What is the live fish trade for?

A

Live Food in Asia and aquarium trade

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9
Q

What characteristic makes groupers more vulnerable to fishing?

A

K selected species

ie long lived, late maturity an spawning aggregations

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10
Q

What does the live food trade focus on?

A

Rare species

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11
Q

What is the blue revolution?

A

Aquaculture
ie seaweed farming
Giant clam farms
Milkfish

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12
Q

What are some environmental issues with aquaculture?

A

Overfishing of other species for food
Unsustainable harvest of juvenile
Eutrophication of surrounding waters
Increased transmission of disease

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13
Q

What fish are aquaculture facilities switching to?

A

Lfft- live fish food trade species

More profitable

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14
Q

What species dominates the aquarium trade?

A

Pomacentridae

Small fish dominate

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15
Q

How many of the worlds coral reef fisheries are unsustainable?

A

More than half

16
Q

What is grown overfishing?

A

Loss in biomass that is greater than biomass gained due to growth
ie. big fish produce more eggs

17
Q

What is big old fat fecundity females?

A

Fecundity increases linearly with age and size

18
Q

What is recruitment overfishing?

A

Spawning biomass of population is reduced

19
Q

What is ecosystem overfishing?

A

Fish removed at such a rate that the composition of the ecosystem is changed significantly.
ie. Fishing down the food web and shifting baseline

20
Q

Why are coral reef fisheries often less sustainable than other fisheries around the world?

A

Tight nutrient recycling

21
Q

What is the Allee effect?

A

There are two equilibriums. There is positive relationship between size and growth. Second unstable equilibrium when pop drops to low it spirals toward extinction.

22
Q

What are the traditional methods to managing fisheries?

A

Quotas - pops are monitored and number of fish are determined based on pop size.
Min/max landing size - insures too small or too large of fish are put back.
Gear restrictions - only certain size are caught

23
Q

What happened with western rock lobster?

A

Lobster were caught before they could reproduce reducing pop size.
Strong restrictions on # of traps and days when traps can be used allowed rebound and stabilize
Can monitor late larval stage and predict what the stock will be in 4 years.
Managed by reducing traps and increasing min size

24
Q

How do marine protected areas protect fish?

A

Fishing occurs outside Area. Increase fish inside MPA. Also causes spillover effect enhancing nearby fisheries

25
Q

Can locally managed areas be effective?

A

Yes, locals have high stake in success. Can allow seasonal closures. Or rotational closures depending on pop size.

26
Q

What large MPAs have been established recently?

A

GBR tripled
Hawaiian island marine national monument
Kiribati

27
Q

What can’t MPAs control?

A

Anthropogenic factors, but can increase resilience to climate and pollution by reducing stressors

Reef eco (10 decks)

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