ch 7,8,9

Question 1

what are the three general types of ethics

Answer 1

metaethics
normative ethics
applied ethics

Question 2

metaethics

Answer 2

universal truths

where/how ethical principles are developed

Question 3

normative ethics

Answer 3

moral standards that regulate behaviors

Question 4

applied ethics

Answer 4

specific difficult issues

ex: euthanasia, capital punishment, abortion, & health disparities

Question 5

values

Answer 5

attitudes ideals or beliefs that an individual or group holds and uses to guide behavior

Question 6

morals

Answer 6

provide standards of behavior that guide the actions of an individual or social group and are established rules of conduct to be used in situations where a decision about right and wrong must be made

Question 7

ethics

Answer 7

term used to reflect what actions an individual should take and may be “codified” as in the ethical code of a profession

Question 8

bioethics

Answer 8

application of ethical theories and principles to moral issues or problems in health care

Question 9

postconventional level stages 5&6

Answer 9

independent thinking
ability to define his/her own moral values
ignore both self interest and group norms
may sacrifice themselves for on behalf of the group
moral reasoning/ behavior is based on a socially agreed-upon standard of human rights
(small portion of adults)

Question 10

postconventional level stages 5&6

Answer 10

-independent thinking
-ability to define his/her own moral values
-ignore both self interest and group norms
-moral reasoning/ behavior is based on a socially -agreed-upon standard of human rights
(small portion of adults)

Question 11

Gilligan’s stages of moral reasoning

Answer 11

• women view moral dilemmas in terms of conflicting responsibilities
• 3 levels and 2 transitions (each level representing a more complex understanding between self and others)
• each transition resulted in a critical reevaluation of conflict between selfishness and responsibility

Question 12

Gilligan’s 1st level of moral development

Answer 12

orientation to individual survival

Question 13

Gilligan’s 2nd level of moral development

Answer 13

a focus on goodness w recognition of self-sacrifice

Question 14

Gilligan’s 3rd level of moral development

Answer 14

the morality of caring and being responsible for others, as well as self

Question 15

moral distress

Answer 15

a response to a situation when nurses are faced w ethical dilemmas but also encounter institutional constraints that limit their actions

Question 16

deontology

Answer 16

obligation/duty

Question 17

utilitarianism

Answer 17

fundamental belief that the moral rightness of an action is determined solely by its consequence

Question 18

virtue ethics

Answer 18

natural tendencies
actions built from inborn moral virtue
specific (positive/good) character traits

Question 19

Rosenstock

Answer 19

interested in determining why some people change their health behaviors whereas others do not

Question 20

Rosenstock’s health beliefs model: component 1

Answer 20

an evaluation of one’s vulnerability to a condition and the seriousness of that condition

Question 21

Rosenstock’s health beliefs model: component 2

Answer 21

an evaluation of how effective the health maintenance behavior might be

Question 22

Rosenstock’s health beliefs model: component 3

Answer 22

the presence of a trigger event that precipitates the health maintenance behavior