CH 7

Question 1

what is electricity

Answer 1

movement of electrons from one atom to another along a conductor

Question 2

what is a conductor

Answer 2

any material that conducts electricity, metal is a good one. electricity will pass through the material easily

Question 3

what is a nonconductor (insulator)

Answer 3

does not transmit electricity (rubber, sill, wood, glass)

Question 4

what is a complete electric circuit

Answer 4

path that negative and positive electric currents take from the generating source thru conductors and back to the generating source (circuit in workout, do the workout and then go back to the start)

Question 5

what are the two types of electric current

Answer 5

direct and alternating current

direct current (DC) constant and even flowing only traveling in ONE DIRECTION. produced by chemical means (flashlight, cell phone, cordless tools use direct current via batteries )

Alternating current (AC) rapid and uninterrupted current. flowing in one direction and then in the opposite direction. produced by mechanical means and changes 60x per second. (ex: corded blowdryers, files, lamps)

Question 6

what is an inverter

Answer 6

changes direct current to alternating current. usually have a plug and a cord. blow dryer, phone charger in a car using car battery to charge phone

inverter goes with DC
(DI)

Question 7

what is a rectifier

Answer 7

changes alternating current to direct current. cordless electric clippers and phone chargers use a rectifier to change the AC from an outlet to the DC needed to charge.

rectifier goes with AC
(AR books)

Question 8

what is a volt

Answer 8

unit that measures pressure or force that pushes electric current forward thru conductor

Question 9

what is am ampere (AMP)

Answer 9

unit to measure strength of an electric current
a milliampere is 1/1,000 of an AMP

Question 10

what is an OHM

Answer 10

measures resistance of an electric current

Question 11

what is a watt and a kilowatt

Answer 11

watt- unit that measures how much electric energy is being used in 1 second

kilowatt is 1k watts

Question 12

what is grounding

Answer 12

completes an electric circuit and carries the current safely away
( someone is grounded so they are safely taken away back home).

Question 13

ground fault inturrupter

Answer 13

protects household circut when there is a leak

Question 14

why should you always look at labels for the word (UL) underwriters laboratories ?

Answer 14

certifies the safety of electrical appliances. all electrical appliances should be UL certified

Question 15

how many electrodes do modalities require and why

Answer 15

2- one negative and one positive to conduct the flow of electricity thru the body

Question 16

what is polarity

Answer 16

poles of the electric current - positive or negative
positive electrode = anode (red and marked with plus sign +
negative electrode =cathode (black and marked with minus sign -

Question 17

what is a galvanic current

Answer 17

constant and direct current having a positive and negative pole . produces chemical changes when it passes thru tissues and fluids of body

used to infuse water soluble products into unbroken skin

Question 18

what are the two possible chemical reactions with galvanic current ,depending on polarity

Answer 18

the active electrode and inactive electrode

active- used on the area treated

inactive- opposite pole from the active electrode

Question 19

what are the differences between anode (positive pole cataphoresis) and cathode (negative pole anaphoresis)

Answer 19

anode - acidic reactions
cathode- alkaline reactions

anode- closes pores
cathode- opens pores

a-soothes nerves
c- irritates nerves

a-decreases blood supply
c-increases blood supply

a-contracts blood vessels
c-expands blood vessels

a-hardens/firms tissue
c-softens tissues

Question 20

what is a micro current

Answer 20

extremely low level of electricity that mirrors the body natural electrical impulses. can be used for firming, toning and smoothing skin. can also help heal inflamed tissue (acne)

Question 21

what is the tesla high frequency current (violet ray)

Answer 21

thermal heat producing current with a high rate of vibration commonly used for scalp and facial tissues

Question 22

name 3 electric modalities used in beauty services

Answer 22

Tesla (violet ray) (scalp treatments /vibration)
anaphoresis (infuses alkaline)
desincrustation (soften grease, treats acne)

Question 23

what is electromagnetic spectrum (basically all rays)

Answer 23

all forms of energy (or radiation) that exist
they’re all radio wavesn(microwaves, light waves (infrared UV light) X rays, gamma rays

Question 24

what is a wavelength and a waveform

Answer 24

Wave length- distance between peaks in waves, some are long and some are short
waveform- distance between two wave lengths

Question 25

difference between long and short wavelengths

Answer 25

long- low frequency bc waves are further apart. deeper penetration, less energy short- high frequency, more waves, closer together less penetration, more energy

Question 26

who has the longest and shortest wavelength in the spectrum of light

Answer 26

longest-red shortest- violet (giving it higher energy)

Question 27

what are wavelengths of light measures in

Answer 27

nanometers. one nanometer is a billionth of a meter

Question 28

what 3 types of light is natural sunlight made up of

Answer 28

visible light 35% invisible infrared light 60% invisible UV light 5% (kills germs, higher energy)

Question 29

what are the three types of UV light

Answer 29

UVA, UVB and UVC UVA- longest wavelength , penetrates directly into dermis of skin damaging collagen and elastin (tanning bed light) UVB- "burning light" associated with sunburns. excessive use of UVA and UVB can cause skin cancer UVC- blocked by ozone layer. killing bacteria , viruses mold and other bacteria. if we lose UVC life would no longer exist

Question 30

what Is inferred light and its benefits

Answer 30

longer wavelengths, penetrates deeper, less energy produces more heat. makes up 60% natural sunlight mainly used during hair conditioning:process color. can diminish signs of aging, wrinkles, heal wounds, increase circulation.

Question 31

what is light therapy used for

Answer 31

application of light rays to the skin for treatment of wrinkles, hair removal, pigmentation, capillaries

Question 31

what is a catalyst

Answer 31

speed up chemical reaction, some use heat and some use light. absorb energy like a battery. UV is the catalyst for hardening gel nails.