ch 7 Flashcards
what does the pauli exclusion says
no 2 e can have the same 4 quantum numbers and the two e in an orbital must have opposite spins
when is the shell more stable
the smaller it is the more stable
1 is more stable than 2 and so on
subshell stability
s is more stable than p and so on
s>p>d>f
energy of shells get closer together as n gets
larger
effective nuclear charge Z*
the larger Z*
the more stable it is
what is Z*
is the net force attraction experinced by the outermost electron in an atom
how many orbitals in s
1
how many orbitals in p
3
how many orbitals in d
5
How many orbitals in f
7
How to find the total number of orbitals in a given shell
n^2
what is the exception with the transition metal and d subshell
d subshells prefer to be totally filled or half filled rather than partially filled
the exceptions include everything under Cr and Cu (Mo, Ag, Au)
electron configuration for anions
Write out the electron configuration for neutral element
Fill in the desired number of electrons by adding electrons to the highest energy subshell
electron configuration for cations
write out the electron configuration for neutral element
remove the desired number of e from first removing from the highest n level and highest energy subshell.
isoelectronic species
same number of electrons and same electron configuration
what are the most stable ions of atoms?
the most stable ions of atoms are isoelectronic with noble gases or half filled shells.
Diamagnetic
all electrons are paired
paramagnetic
unpaired electrons will be attracted to a magnetic field
z effective nuclear charge
nuclear charge that is felt by the valence electron
electrons are attracted to the
nucleus. the closer they are, the stronger the attraction to the nucleus
nuclear shielding
inner electrons shield outer electrons from the attractive force of the nucleus
core electrons
electrons in the inner shell
valence electrons
electrons in the outermost shell
valence electrons are attracted and repelled by what
valence electrons are attracted by the positively charged nucleus and repelled by the core electrons