Ch 7-10: Moisture-Weather-Climate

Question 1

What pressure systems are characterized by converging, ascending air and spirals in a counterclockwise direction in the nothern hemisphere?

Answer 1

lower pressure cells

Question 2

What are the types of precipitation?

Answer 2

rain, snow, sleet, hail

Question 3

What type of vegetation is associated with a Mediterranean climate?

Answer 3

chaparral

Question 4

What side of a mountain range normally receives the least amount of precipitation?

Answer 4

leeward

Question 5

What is the outward movement of water from plant leaves?

Answer 5

transpiration

Question 6

Name the 6 basic climate categories.

Answer 6

Tropical, Mesothermal, Microthermal, Polar, Highland, Desert (Dry)

Question 7

Does temperature variation increase or decrease as one moves further from the equator?

Answer 7

increase

Question 8

What is the short-term condition of the atmosphere called?

Answer 8

weather

Question 9

Is the annual temperature range of places in the interior of a continent greater than or less than places along the coast?

Answer 9

greater than

Question 10

What kind of fog develops when warm, moist air flows over a cold current?

Answer 10

advection

Question 11

Water in the hydrological cycle can be found below the surface, on the surface, and in the ______________.

Answer 11

atmosphere

Question 12

What term refers to the tendency of an air parcel to either remain in place or change its initial position?

Answer 12

stability

Question 13

What type of cloud is puffy and/or globular in shape?

Answer 13

cumuliform (cumulus)

Question 14

What type of cloud is flat or layered?

Answer 14

stratiform (stratus)

Question 15

How much of the Earth’s total amount of water is found in the oceans?

Answer 15

97%

Question 16

What type of atmospheric lifting mechanism produces most of the precipitation in a tropical rain forest climate?

Answer 16

convectional

Question 17

What develops overhead in a Mediterranean dry-summer climate that produces the dry conditions in the summer?

Answer 17

subtropical high

Question 18

What calculation is used to determine Actual Evapotranspiration (ACTET)?

Answer 18

POTET - DEFICIT

Question 19

What climate designation applies to Moscow, Russia?

Answer 19

Humid continental, mild summer

Question 20

How much in relative humidity do the bottom of clouds indicate in pecentage terms?

Answer 20

100%

Question 21

What term is used to refer to the temperature at which 100% humidity occurs?

Answer 21

dew point

Question 22

What term regarding temperature is used to refer to the elevation at which clouds form?

Answer 22

dew point

Question 23

Thunderstorms normally develop along frontal boundaries, areas of surface convergence, and areas of ____________ uplift.

Answer 23

orographic

Question 24

“Hot and wet” temperature and precipitation patterns are characteristic of ________________ in the equatorial tropics.

Answer 24

rain forests

Question 25

Hurricanes die over land because ________ and the subsequent condensation aren't sufficient to sustain them.

Answer 25

evaporation

Question 26

What term is used to refers to wetter, intercepting slope of a mountain?

Answer 26

windward

Question 27

What term refers to the amount of water that would evaporate and transpire if it were available?

Answer 27

Potential evapotranspiration

Question 28

When water evaporates, it ___________ heat energy.

Answer 28

absorbs

Question 29

When water evaporates, does it heat or cool the surrounding air?

Answer 29

cool

Question 30

Which hemisphere is dominated by water?

Answer 30

southern

Question 31

Which hemisphere contains most of the land?

Answer 31

northern

Question 32

What is the heat energy involved in the change of state, or phase, of water?

Answer 32

latent heat

Question 33

What gas is thought to be responsible for much of the anthropogenic warming of the atmosphere?

Answer 33

carbon dioxide

Question 34

The dry season of the tropical monsoon climate occurs when the _____________ is not overhead?

Answer 34

ITCZ

Question 35

Marine west-coast climates are characterized by unstable air masses, unpredictable weater, and are dominated by __________ air masses.

Answer 35

mP

Question 36

The Intertropical Convergence Zone is characterized by ________ and _______ rising air.

Answer 36

warm, wet

Question 37

In what direction do storm tracks shift in the winter for the United State and Canada?

Answer 37

south

Question 38

In what direction do storm tracks shift in the summer for the United State and Canada?

Answer 38

north

Question 39

Does a mT air mass form over an ocean or a continent?

Answer 39

ocean

Question 40

Which air mass is more humid: cT or mP?

Answer 40

mP

Question 41

Tornadoes result from the interaction of a moist mT air mass and a dry ________ air mass.

Answer 41

cP

Question 42

What term in the soil-water-budget concept refers to a condition when precipitation and soil moisture are inadequate to meet potential evapotranspiration demands?

Answer 42

deficit

Question 43

Where do low-latitiude hot desert climates occur?

Answer 43

tropics and subtropics

Question 44

What type of cloud have vertical development and produce thunderstorms?

Answer 44

cumulonimbus

Question 45

Is the interaction of air masses a factor in a genetic or empirical classification system?

Answer 45

genetic

Question 46

What term is used to refer to a water-bearing rock stratum?

Answer 46

aquifer

Question 47

What climate classficiation applies to Bluefield, West Virginia?

Answer 47

marine west coast

Question 48

When air rises over the windward side of a mountain, it will move into a region of ________ air pressure and therefore will be cooled by _______________.

Answer 48

lower, expansion

Question 49

What climate type experiences a wet summer and dry winter, and is dominated by the ITCZ for 6 months or less during the year?

Answer 49

tropical savanna

Question 50

What is water vapor in the atmosphere called?

Answer 50

humidity

Question 51

Overland flow is an example what term in the water-soil-budget concept?

Answer 51

surplus

Question 52

What climate type is characterized by potential evapotranspiration exceeding precipitation in all parts: Mediterranean, tropical savanna, or semiarid steppe?

Answer 52

semiarid steppe

Question 53

A mass of air becomes becomes saturated when it reaches the __________ temperature.

Answer 53

dew point

Question 54

An air mass reflects its source region, may dominate half the depth of the tropposphere, and are ______________ in terms of temperature and humidity.

Answer 54

homogenous

Question 55

In what Polar climate type do spruce, larch, and fir trees survive?

Answer 55

tundra

Question 56

What type of fog is formed when a cooling surface chills the air directly above?

Answer 56

radiation

Question 57

What term refers to the forced uplift of an air parcel over a physical barrier?

Answer 57

orographic

Question 58

What term refers to the water vapor in the air at a given temperature expressed as a percentage of the water vapor capacity of the air?

Answer 58

relative humidity

Question 59

A climactic region is defined by characteristic, long-term ______________ patterns.

Answer 59

weather

Question 60

What term refers to the soil moisture that is unvailable for use by plants?

Answer 60

hygroscopic

Question 61

Hurricanes derive their energy from the latent heat of ______________.

Answer 61

condensation

Question 62

What term refers to the dry, leeward side of mountain ranges?

Answer 62

rain shadow

Question 63

The wetter, intercepting slope of a mountain is termed the ___________ slope, whereas the drier and downward slope is termed the ___________ slope.

Answer 63

windward, leeward