Ch. 6b Respiratory Emergencies Flashcards
causes for respiratory distress
hyperventilation
asthma
anaphylaxis
chest injury
S&S respiratory distress
Abnormal breathing: slow, rapid, deep, shallow, wheezing, gurgling, high-pitched, silent
Abnormal skin colour: unusually moist, flushed, pale, ashen, bluish
Dyspnea
seek cause
medical history
trauma
general treatment for dyspnea
loosen clothing
semi-sitting/tripod position
O2 depending on spo2
Hyperventilation syndrome
rapid breathing
cause of hyperventilation
often young female
often emotional triggered : fear/anxiety
head inj, severe bleeds, high fever, heart failure, lung disease, diabetic
hyperventilation tx
calm down
attempt to slow down breathing
breathe in cupped hands
give O2 if necessary
prepare to ventilate
bronchitis
excessive mucous secretions
inflammatory changes
S&S sob, cough with sputum
emphysema
chronic
lungs unable to effectively exchange o2/co2
S&S: sob, difficult exhalation, cough, cyanosis, fever, restless, confused, weak
tx: vent, careful with hyperoxygenation
asthma
4x increase in past 20y
12% children, 8% adults
asthma etiologie
allergies
cold dry air
histamine
exercise
psych
asthma pathogenesis
m. contraction
inflammatory reaction
inc mucus prod.
inc mucus viscosity
dec air exchange due to spams, swelling, secretions
asthma S&S
wheezing on exhalation
difficulty breathing (exhalation)
chest tightness
ineffective cough
headache
tight/irritated throat
mild cyanosis
asthma distress
cyanotic +++
inc pulse
inc med use
difficulty to talk
audible wheeze
accessory m. use
dec LOC
asthma tx
asthma green zone
no symptoms
usual activities
peak flow 80% of PB
maintain medication use as is
asthma yellow zone
some symptoms
woken up at night
can only do some of usual activities
peak flow btw 50-80% of PB
action: take extra puffs of med, adjust dose (md direction)
asthma red zone
asthma attack - need immediate care
S&S:
very short of breath
meds not helping
can’t do usual activities
in yellow zone for at least 24h
symptoms same or getting worse
PEF less than 50% of PB
CALL 911
Call 911 if in red zone
> 15 min
cyanotic
hard to talk/walk
epipen if severe /airway closing up
can coffee help with asmtha
yes if nothing else available
opiod overdose
opioids are respiratory depressants which can lead to respiratory arrest and possibly cardio-respiratory arrest
opioids AP
know medication taken by all your athletes
know s&S
have naloxone
have access to BVM/AED/assistant within 3 min
Opioids S&S
unresponsive
breathing labored, snore-like, ineffective, absent
pupils constricted
opioid intervention
911
EAP
SAMPLE
naloxone
bls
repeat naloxone every 3 min until responsive
recovery care
possible relapse
transfer to EMS
Naloxone
opioid-specific antidote
temporarily reverse the effects of opioid overdose
safe, no health risk
aim of nasal spout for naloxone
slightly lateral
ventilation rate for a child
1 breath every 2-3 sec
if pulse present without breathing, start ventilation with
pocket mask and progress to BVM
first 2 breaths are given with or without OPA
withou
% O2 in ambient air
21%, 90% in reservoir
disadvantages of BVM
proper seal
head position
recommended 2 person skill
need practice
not always available
hypoxia
insufficient oxygen supply to cells of the body
S&S hypoxia
inc respiration and pulse
cyanosis
changes in LOC
restlessness
chest pain
hyper-ventilation not recommended because
lowers CO2
causes alkalosis
prevents transfer of O2
Nasal Canula
conscious pt w/ stable breathing
3-4 Lpm
21% o2 + 4% per L of flow rate
NRB
breathing pt
prefill bag
10Lpm best
95-100% o2
Full oxygen tank
2000 psi
minimum psi for oxygen tank
800 psi
change oxygen at
500 psi
minimum pressure in tank to prevent damage
200 psi
