Ch. 6 Vocab.

Question 1

Semantics

Answer 1

The subfield of linguistics thats studies meaning in language.

Question 2

Lexical semantics

Answer 2

A subfield of semantics that studies meanings of lexical expressions.

Question 3

Compositional semantics

Answer 3

A subfield of semantics that studies the meanings of phrasal expressions, and how those meanings arise given the meanings of the lexical expressions they contain and how they are syntactically combined.

Question 4

Sense

Answer 4

A mental representation of an expressions meaning.

Question 5

Reference

Answer 5

A component of linguistic meaning that relates the sense of some expressions entitles in the outside world.

Question 6

Referents

Answer 6

An actual entity or an individual in the world to which some expression refers.

Question 7

Mental image definitions

Answer 7

A conception of a words sense as a picture in the mind of the language user that represents its meaning.

Question 8

Usage based definitions

Answer 8

A characterization of a words sense based on the way that the word is used by speakers of a language.

Question 9

Hyponymy

Answer 9

A meaning relationship between words, where the reference of some word X is included in the reference of some other word Y.

Question 10

Synonymy

Answer 10

A meaning relationship between words where their reference is exactly the same.

Question 11

Antonymy

Answer 11

A meaning relationship between words where their meanings are in some sense opposite.

Question 12

Proposition

Answer 12

The sense expressed by a sentence.

Question 13

Truth value

Answer 13

The reference of a sentence.

Question 14

Reverses

Answer 14

Antonyms in which one word in the pair suggests movement that undoes the movement suggested by the other.

Question 15

Converses

Answer 15

Antonyms in which the first word of the pair suggests a point of view opposite to that of the second word.

Question 16

Truth conditions

Answer 16

The reference of a sentence.

Question 17

Entailment

Answer 17

A relationship between propositions where a proposition p is said to entail another proposition q just in case of p is true.

Question 18

Mutual entailment

Answer 18

The relationship between two propositions where they entail one another.

Question 19

Incompatible

Answer 19

The relationship between two propositions where it is impossible for both of them to be true simultaneously.

Question 20

Principle of compositionality

Answer 20

The notion that the meaning of a phrasal expression is predictable from the meanings of the expressions it contains and how they were syntactically combined.

Question 21

Idioms

Answer 21

A multi-word lexical expression whose meaning is not compositional.

Question 22

Pure intersection

Answer 22

The relationship between the reference of an adjective and a noun it modifies such that each picks out a particular group of things, and the reference of the resulting phrase is all of the things that are in both set of the adjective and the reference of the noun.

Question 23

Intersective adjectives

Answer 23

An adjective whose reference is determined independently from the reference of the noun that it modifies.

Question 24

Subjective adjectives

Answer 24

Adjectives whose reference is included in the set of things that the noun they modify refers to.

Question 25

Non-intersection adjective

Answer 25

An adjective whose reference is a subset of the set that the noun it modifies refers to, but that does not, in and of itself, refer to any particular set of things.

Question 26

Anti-intersection adjectives

Answer 26

An adjectives whose referents are not in the set referred to by the noun that it modifies.

Question 27

Relative Intersection

Answer 27

Type of relationship between the adjective and noun reference where the reference of the adjective is determined relative to the noun reference.

Question 28

Compositional

Answer 28

A subfield of semantics that studies the meaning of phrasal expressions, and how those meanings arise given the meanings of the lexical expressions they contain and how they are syntactically combined.

Question 29

Gradable antonyms

Answer 29

Words that are antonyms and denote opposite ends of a scale.