Ch 6 The Cell Flashcards
cell theory
- all living things are composed of cells
- Cells are the smallest unit of life, the basic unit of organization
- All cells arise from previously existing cells
four components found in all cells
- A plasma membrane
- selective permeability, allows passage of oxygen, nutrients, and wastes
- Cytoplasm - jelly-like fluid inside of cell, cytosol - innermost cytoplasm
- DNA - genetic material (sometimes in a nucleus)
- Ribosomes - help the cell makes proteins
Prokaryotic
smaller, simpler, most have no organelles, bacteria and archaea
Eukaryotic
larger, more complex, membrane enclosed organelles, protists, plants, fungi, animals
free ribosome
- suspended in the cytosol
- synthesize simple proteins
bound ribosome
- attached to the outside of the ER
- synthesize proteins that are exported from the cell
smooth ER
- does not build protein
- synthesizes lipids
- oils/phospholipids
- steroids including the sex hormones of vertebrates and adrenal steroids - metabolizes (breaks down) carbohydrates
- detoxifies
- stores calcium
Rough ER
- builds protein synthesizes, modifies, and package
plant/animal cell similarities
- both have a nucleus (an organelle) w/ DNA
- plasma membrane w/ribosomes
- endoplasmic re9culum
- cytoskeleton - specifically (microfilaments and microtubules) * mitochondria - produces energy
- golgi apparatus
- perioxisome
animal cells have these, plant cells do not
- flagellum/microvilli
- centrosome
- intermediate filaments * lysosome
plant cells have these, animal cells do not
- central vacuole * chloroplast
* plasmodesmata
chloroplast
organelle found in plants and photosynthe9c pro9sts that absorbs sunlight and uses it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water
lysosome
organelle of hydrolyic enzymes found in the cytoplasm of animal cells and some protists
central vacuole
In a mature plant cell, a large membranous sac with diverse roles in growth, storage, and sequestra9on of toxic substances
ribosome
complexes made up of ribosomal RNAs and proteins (not membrane bounded/not organelles)
Smooth ER
ER w/o ribosomes; synthesis of lipids, metabolism of carbohydrates, detoxification of drugs and poisons, storage of calcium ions
Mitochondrion
organelle in eukaryotic cells that serves as the site of cellular respiration; uses oxygen to break down organic molecules and synthesize ATP
Rough ER
ER w/ ribosomes; synthesizes, modifies, and packages
Golgi apparatus
organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of flat membranous sacs that modify, store, and route products of the ER and synthesize some products, notably non-cellulose carbohydrates
nucleus
Organelle of a eukaryotic cell that. Contains the genetic material in the form of chromosomes, made up of chromatin
cytoskeleton
a network of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments that extend through the cytoplasm and serve a variety of mechanical, transport and signaling functions
role of mitochondria
- create energy in the form of ATP (the only energy cells can use) from sugar
- found in all eukaryotic cells
- only place outside of the nucleus where DNA is found
role of chloroplasts
- create energy
- enclosed by two membranes
- site of photosynthesis
- thylakoids surface is laced with the light-capturing photosynthetic pigments - uses energy of light to create carbohydrates
