Ch. 6 Study Guide Flashcards
USC
Unconditioned stimulus- causes automatic response
UCR
Unconditioned response- automatic response to stimulus
NS
Neutral Stimulus- does not cause a response
CS
Conditioned stimulus- learned stimulus
CR
Conditioned response- learned response to neutral stimulus
Extinction
Classical conditioning, the disappearance of a conditioned response when an unconditioned stimulus no longer follows the a conditioned stimulus
Spontaneous recovery
Reappearance of an extinguished conditioned response after some time has past
Flooding
A person is exposed to the harmless stimulus until fear responses to that stimulus are extinguished
Operant conditioning
People and animals learn to do certain things and not to do others- because of the results of what they do
Primary and secondary reinforces
Stimuli, such as food or warmth, that have reinforcement value without learning
When can punishments be affective?
Student may work harder to raise a grade to rejoin a team
Fixed ratio schedule
Reinforcement occurs after a fixed number of responses
Variable ratio schedule
Reinforcement occurs after a varying number of responses
Fixed interval schedule
Exact amount of time passes between each reinforcement
Variable interval schedule
Varying amount of time passes between each reinforcement
B.F Skinner’s teaching machine was devised for which educational method?
Programmed learning
Best description of the way that cognitive psychologists view learning?
They prefer to speak about what people and animals know because of learning- not just the way they do
E.C Tollman’s rat experiment proved what about learning?
Learning occurs without reinforcement
Observational learning and violent TV?
Viewing violence may lead to real life violence
PQ4R- several questions about this
- Preview- get a general picture of the material before you begin
- Question- change headings into question
- Read- look for the answers to your questions as your read
- Reflect- try to relate the material to past learning or to personal experience
- Recite- speak the answers to your questions aloud to solidify the info in your mind
- Review- review the material regukary
Taste aversion- example of what kind of learning?
Type of classical conditioning in which a previously desirable or neutral food comes to be perceived as repugnant because it is associated with negative stimulation
Systematic desensitization
Type of counter conditioning used to treat phobias, in which pleasant, relaxed state is associated with gradually increasing anxiety - triggering stimuli
Counter conditioning
Therapy procedure based on classical conditioning that replaces a negative response to a stimulus with a positive response
Negative reinforcement
Unpleasant stimuli that increase the frequency of behavior when they are removed
