Ch. 6 Study Guide

Question 1

USC

Answer 1

Unconditioned stimulus- causes automatic response

Question 2

UCR

Answer 2

Unconditioned response- automatic response to stimulus

Question 3

NS

Answer 3

Neutral Stimulus- does not cause a response

Question 4

CS

Answer 4

Conditioned stimulus- learned stimulus

Question 5

CR

Answer 5

Conditioned response- learned response to neutral stimulus

Question 6

Extinction

Answer 6

Classical conditioning, the disappearance of a conditioned response when an unconditioned stimulus no longer follows the a conditioned stimulus

Question 7

Spontaneous recovery

Answer 7

Reappearance of an extinguished conditioned response after some time has past

Question 8

Flooding

Answer 8

A person is exposed to the harmless stimulus until fear responses to that stimulus are extinguished

Question 9

Operant conditioning

Answer 9

People and animals learn to do certain things and not to do others- because of the results of what they do

Question 10

Primary and secondary reinforces

Answer 10

Stimuli, such as food or warmth, that have reinforcement value without learning

Question 11

When can punishments be affective?

Answer 11

Student may work harder to raise a grade to rejoin a team

Question 12

Fixed ratio schedule

Answer 12

Reinforcement occurs after a fixed number of responses

Question 13

Variable ratio schedule

Answer 13

Reinforcement occurs after a varying number of responses

Question 14

Fixed interval schedule

Answer 14

Exact amount of time passes between each reinforcement

Question 15

Variable interval schedule

Answer 15

Varying amount of time passes between each reinforcement

Question 16

B.F Skinner’s teaching machine was devised for which educational method?

Answer 16

Programmed learning

Question 17

Best description of the way that cognitive psychologists view learning?

Answer 17

They prefer to speak about what people and animals know because of learning- not just the way they do

Question 18

E.C Tollman’s rat experiment proved what about learning?

Answer 18

Learning occurs without reinforcement

Question 19

Observational learning and violent TV?

Answer 19

Viewing violence may lead to real life violence

Question 20

PQ4R- several questions about this

Answer 20

1. Preview- get a general picture of the material before you begin
2. Question- change headings into question
3. Read- look for the answers to your questions as your read
4. Reflect- try to relate the material to past learning or to personal experience
5. Recite- speak the answers to your questions aloud to solidify the info in your mind
6. Review- review the material regukary

Question 21

Taste aversion- example of what kind of learning?

Answer 21

Type of classical conditioning in which a previously desirable or neutral food comes to be perceived as repugnant because it is associated with negative stimulation

Question 22

Systematic desensitization

Answer 22

Type of counter conditioning used to treat phobias, in which pleasant, relaxed state is associated with gradually increasing anxiety - triggering stimuli

Question 23

Counter conditioning

Answer 23

Therapy procedure based on classical conditioning that replaces a negative response to a stimulus with a positive response

Question 24

Negative reinforcement

Answer 24

Unpleasant stimuli that increase the frequency of behavior when they are removed

Question 25

Latent learning

Answer 25

Learning that occurs but stays hidden until it is needed

Question 26

Cognitive map

Answer 26

Mental picture of a layout or directions

Question 27

Modeling

Answer 27

Process of learning behavior through the observation and imitation of others

Question 28

Token economy

Answer 28

People are “paid” to act correctly by earning rewards such as points, plastic chips, or other tokens that can be cashed on for treats

Question 29

Discrimination

Answer 29

In classical conditioning, the ability to distinguish the conditioned stimulus from other stimuli that are similar

Question 30

Why is PQ4R affective study method?

Answer 30

Active learning. Makes you proactive