Ch 6 Spine Pathology Flashcards
List 2 normal spine variants?
Filar cyst + ventriculus terminalis
Main difference b/w a filar cyst + ventriculus terminalis?
Filar: inferior to conus
Ventriculus: within conus
What is a filar cyst?
Anechoic structure within filum terminale, just inferior to conus medullaris
What is ventriculus terminalis?
-Widening of the distal central canal, located within conus
-Typically resolves within first few months of life
Another name for ventriculus terminalis?
5th ventricle or persistent terminal ventricle
What is spinal dysraphism + what causes it?
Broad group of spinal abnormalities due to improper fusion of the neural tube during fetal development
Where are spinal dysraphism defects m/c located?
Lower spine
When is the neural tube finished developing?
8th week gestation
The neural tube is formed by the closure of the ___?
Neural plate
Should a normal neural plate completely fuse?
Yes! Or else dysraphism occurs
Differentiate b/w open + closed spinal dysraphism?
Open:
-aka spina bifida aperta
-no skin covering sac
-neural tissue communicates with outside via defect
Closed: (harder to see)
-aka spina bifida occulta
-skin covered abnormality
Differentiate b/w a meningocele, myelomeningocele + myelocele?
Meningocele:
-protrusion of meninges w/o neural tissue
-closed defect
Myelomeningocele:
-protrusion of meninges + neural tissue
-bulge above skin
-open defect
Myelocele:
-exposed neural tissue flush with skin surface + has no skin or meninges covering spinal cord
-open defect
(myelo = neural tissue, meningo = meninges)
List the 2 types of open spinal dysraphism?
Myelocele + myelomeningocele (visible on outside of skin)
Myeloceles + myelomeningoceles are herniation’s through a defect in the ___ mater?
Dura
What is the m/c open spinal dysraphism?
Myelomeningocele
With open spinal dysraphism, the spinal cord is ___ at the level of the abnormality?
Tethered
List 3 complications of open spinal dysraphism?
-Decreased lower limb function to paralysis
-Bladder + bowel dysfunction
-Hydrocephalus
(similar complications to closed spinal dysraphism)
___ occurs due to an enlarged subarachnoid space?
Myelomeningocele
SF’s of open spinal dysraphism?
-Loss of normal conus
-Fluid filled sac
-Mass continuous with spinal canal
Closed spinal dysraphism is present with skin-covered ___ or ___?
Subcutaneous mass or various skin markers
List 2 subcutaneous masses associated with closed spinal dysraphism?
Lipomyelocele/lipomyelomeningocele + myelocystocele
List the m/c skin marker associated with closed spinal dysraphism?
Sacral dimples
Closed spinal dysraphism anomalies are associated with a ___?
Tethered cord