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MIDS 227 (module 4) > Ch 1 Intro to peds > Flashcards

Ch 1 Intro to peds Flashcards

1
Q

What age is considered a pediatric pt?

A

Birth to 18 years

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2
Q

What age is considered premature?

A

<36 weeks gestation

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3
Q

What does NICU stand for?

A

Neonatal intensive care unit

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4
Q

Why is it so important we maintain hygiene in the NICU?

A

B/c premature babies are highly susceptible to infection

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5
Q

What 2 things create the CNS?

A

Brain + spinal cord

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6
Q

What covers the brain + spinal cord (CNS)?

A

The meninges (3 protective membranes)

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7
Q

What is the dura mater?

A

-Outermost layer of meninges (attaches to skull)
-Most durable + strongest

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8
Q

What is the arachnoid mater?

A

Middle layer of meninges b/w dura mater + pia mater

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9
Q

What is the pia mater?

A

-Inner layer of meninges
-Delicate
-Highly vascular

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10
Q

Purpose of CSF?

A

Surrounds brain + spinal cord as a cushion to prevent injury

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11
Q

Where does CSF exist?

A

In subarachnoid space (b/w pia + arachnoid mater) + in ventricular system

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12
Q

What is the only main bone in the pediatric skull that is not paired?

A

Occipital bone

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13
Q

Where is the frontal suture?

A

Divides the two halves of the frontal bone

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14
Q

Where is the coronal suture?

A

Separates frontal + parietal bones

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15
Q

Where is the sagittal suture?

A

B/w the 2 parietal bones

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16
Q

Where is the lambdoid suture?

A

Connects occipital bone with the parietal bones

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17
Q

Where is the squamous suture?

A

Connects the temporal and parietal bones

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18
Q

4 main bones of pediatric skull?

A

-Frontal (forehead)
-Parietal (mid head)
-Occipital (back head)
-Temporal (behind ears)

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19
Q

What is another name for the anterior fontanelle?

A

Bregma

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20
Q

What is the anterior fontanelle?

A

Junction of coronal, sagittal + frontal sutures (main scanning window)

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21
Q

When does the anterior fontanelle close?

A

9-15 months

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22
Q

What is the posterior fontanelle?

A

Junction of lambdoid + sagittal sutures

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23
Q

What is the mastoid fontanelle?

A

Junction of squamosal, lamboidal + occipital sutures

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24
Q

What is the sphenoid fontanelle?

A

Junction of sphenoid, parietal, temporal + frontal bones

(think directly behind eyes)

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25
Q

What is sulcus + gyri?

A

Sulcus: shallow grooves throughout brain that produce gyri

Gyri: ridges b/w sulci

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26
Q

What are fissures?

A

Long narrow deep grooves that separate larger portions of the brain into lobes

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27
Q

What does the longitudinal (interhemispheric) fissure divide?

A

RT + LT lobes

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28
Q

What does the lateral (sylvian) fissure divide?

A

Frontal/parietal from temporal

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29
Q

What does the parieto-occipital fissure divide?

A

Occipital from parietal

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30
Q

What does the TRV fissure divide?

A

Cerebrum from cerebellum

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31
Q

What does the central fissure divide?

A

Frontal + parietal

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32
Q

The MCA is located in which fissure?

A

The lateral sylvian fissure

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33
Q

Brain is divided into what 3 parts?

A

-Cerebrum
-Cerebellum
-Brain stem

34
Q

What is the largest section of the brain?

35
Q

The cerebrum is divided into RT + LT cerebral hemispheres by the ___ fissure?

A

Longitudinal interhemispheric fissure (falx cerebri lies here)

36
Q

___ is composed of gray matter?

A

Cerebral cortex, thalamus, caudate nucleus

37
Q

___ is composed of white matter?

A

Deeper portion of cerebrum + corpus callosum

38
Q

Where is the cerebellum located?

A

At posterior aspect of brain, beneath occipital lobes

39
Q

Purpose of cerebellum?

A

Balance + posture

40
Q

The cerebellum is separated from the cerebrum by the ___?

41
Q

Cerebellum has 2 hemispheres connected via the ___?

42
Q

What does the brain stem connect?

A

Cerebral hemispheres to spinal cord

43
Q

Brain stem is responsible for what functions?

A

Subconscious (breathing, HR, etc)

44
Q

The brain stem contains what 3 structures?

A

-Midbrain (top)
-Pons (middle)
-Medulla oblongata (bottom near neck)

45
Q

Which meninge layer contains venous sinuses + meningeal arteries?

A

Dura mater

46
Q

What are the 4 areas where the dura extends deeper into the cranial cavity?

A

-Falx cerebri
-Tentorium cerebelli
-Falx cerebelli
-Diaphragma sellae

47
Q

What is the largest fissure in the brain?

A

Longitudinal (interhemispheric) fissure

48
Q

What is the falx cerebri?

A

Fold of dura mater b/w the cerebral hemispheres in the longitudinal interhemispheric fissure

49
Q

The inferior + superior sagittal sinus travel within what dural fold?

A

Falx cerebri

50
Q

What is the tentorium cerebelli?

A

Fold of dura mater that separates the cerebellar hemispheres from the cerebrum

(90 degrees to the falx cerebri)

51
Q

The ___ sinus lies within the tentorium cerebelli?

52
Q

What is the falx cerebelli?

A

Small projection of dura mater that divides the 2 cerebellar hemispheres

53
Q

The arachnoid mater has a ___ appearance?

A

Spider web

54
Q

Where is the subarachnoid space?

A

B/w arachnoid mater + pia mater (filled with CSF)

55
Q

Do vessels cross the arachnoid mater?

56
Q

The pia mater is separated from the arachnoid mater by ___?

A

The subarachnoid space (filled with CSF)

57
Q

___ provides a pathway for the circulation of CSF?

A

Ventricles

58
Q

The ventricle system consists of what 4 ventricles?

A

-Lateral ventricles (paired)
-3rd (midline)
-4th (midline)

59
Q

What is the narrowest point in the fetal brain?

A

Cerebral aqueduct of sylvius (allows CSF to flow b/w 3rd + 4th ventricle)

60
Q

Another name for interventricular foramina?

A

Foramina of monro (paired)

61
Q

CSF is produced by the ___?

A

Choroid plexus

62
Q

Explain the flow of CSF?

A

-LVs drain into 3rd ventricle via foramina of monro

-3rd ventricle drains into 4th ventricle via cerebral aqueduct of sylvius

-4th ventricle drains into foramina of luschka + magendie

-CSF now flows upward around brain where it gets reabsorbed by the arachnoid granulations into the superior sinuses

63
Q

Location of LVs?

A

Either side of cerebrum

64
Q

What is the largest of the ventricles?

65
Q

LVs are divided into what 4 segments?

A

-Frontal anterior horn
-Body
-Temporal horn
-Occipital posterior horn

66
Q

___ is the region where the anterior, occipital + temporal horns join?

A

The trigone/atrium

67
Q

What is choroid plexus?

A

Delicate vascular capillary beds that produce/regulate CSF

68
Q

CP tapers at the ___ groove?

A

Caudothalamic groove

69
Q

Where does CP exist?

A

-Roof of 3rd + 4th ventricles
-NOT in frontal or occipital horns

70
Q

What is the largest white matter structure in the brain?

A

Corpus callosum

71
Q

Purpose of CC?

A

Allows communication b/w RT + LT side of cerebrum

72
Q

4 divisions of the CC?

A

-Rostrum
-Genu
-Body
-Splenium

73
Q

What is the thalamus?

A

-Paired gray matter structures b/w cerebral cortex + midbrain, beside 3rd ventricle

-Relays nerve impulses for sensory info

74
Q

What is the caudate nucleus?

A

-Paired elongated curved masses of gray matter
-Has head, body + tail

75
Q

What structure has the caudothalmic groove?

A

Caudate nucleus

76
Q

What is the cisterna magna?

A

-Fluid filled structure that communicates with 4th ventricle
-Lies b/w cerebellum + dorsal side of medulla

77
Q

What is the CSP?

A

Space filled with CSF b/w the frontal horns of the lateral ventricles

78
Q

What is it called in premies when a posterior extension of the CSP is seen?

A

Cavum vergae

79
Q

When does the CSP close?

A

-Starts closing 6 months gestation + is fully closed 6-8 months after birth

-Closure progresses from posterior to anterior

80
Q

___ is the largest part of the choroid plexus + lies within the LV at the trigone?

A

The glomus

81
Q

Most amount of CSF is produced where?

A

The glomus

MIDS 227 (module 4) (11 decks)

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