Ch 6 - Prosthetic and Orthotics: Lower Limb Flashcards
What is the most common cause of lower extremity amputation?
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD), also referred to as peripheral vascular disease (PVD)
What is Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI)?
Ratio of brachial systolic pressure to ankle systolic pressure
What are the scales of Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI)?
– ABI 0.91 to 1.30: Normal
– ABI 0.71 to 0.90: Mild PAD
– ABI 0.41 to 0.70: Moderate PAD
– ABI 0.00 to 0.40: Severe PAD
What does a Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) >1.30 suggest??
Calcified, noncompressible vessels, which can produce false negative results. This is common in diabetics
When is Doppler velocity waveform analysis used?
If screening ABI is abnormal, Doppler waveform analysis is performed to localize the lesion
Describe Doppler velocity waveform analysis.
Doppler waveforms are obtained at multiple sites and a change in waveform from one level to the next is indicative of PAD
What is the gold standard imaging for PAD?
Intraarterial contrast angiography
What is Myodesis?
Muscles and fasciae are sutured directly to bone through drill holes
When is Myodesis contraindicated?
Severe dysvascularity in which the blood supply to the bone may be compromised
What is Myoplasty?
Opposing muscles are sutured to each other and to the periosteum at the end of the cut bone with minimal tension
What is the procedure of choice in severe dysvascular residual limbs?
Myoplasty
Describe a partial toe amputation.
Excision of any part of one or more toes
Describe a toe disarticulation.
Disarticulation at the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint
Describe a Partial foot/ray resection.
Resection of a portion of up to three metatarsals and digits
Describe a Transmetatarsal amputation (TMA).
Amputation through the midsection of all metatarsals
Describe a Lisfranc amputation.
Amputation at the tarsometatarsal junction
Describe a Chopart amputation.
Midtarsal amputation—only talus and calcaneus remain
Describe a Syme’s amputation.
Ankle disarticulation with attachment of heel pad to distal end of tibia; may include removal of malleoli and distal tibial/fibular flares
Describe a Long BKA (transtibial) amputation.
> 50% of tibial length
Describe a standard BKA (transtibial) amputation.
20% to 50% of tibial length
Describe a Long BKA (transtibial) amputation.
<20% of tibial length
Describe a knee disarticulation.
Amputation through the knee joint, femur intact
Describe a Long AKA (transfemoral) amputation.
> 60% of femoral length
Describe a Standard AKA (transfemoral) amputation.
35% to 60% of femoral length