CH 6 - Manufacturing Processes Flashcards
What are the three steps required to make something?
- Sourcing the parts
- Making the item
- Sending item to customer
Time needed to respond to a customer order is called?
Lead Time
Determines where inventory is positioned to allow processes or entities to operate independently is called?
Customer Ordering Decoupling Point
What’s the potential trade off when responding quickly to customer demands?
Can come at the expense of greater inventory due to finished goods being more expensive than raw material
Firms that serve customers from finished goods inventory
Make-To-Stock
Firms that combine a number of preassembled modules to meet customer’s specifications
Assemble-To-Order
Firms that make customer’s products from raw materials, parts, and components
Make-To-Order
Firm that works with customer to design a product and then make it from purchased materials, parts, and components
Engineer-To-Order
Make-To-Stock firms invest in __________ programs in order to achieve higher service levels for a given inventory investment
Lean Manufacturing
What two states can a material in process be in?
First state is where the material is moving or “in transit”
Second state is where the material is sitting in inventory and acting as a “buffer” waiting to be used
Material that is in a manufacturing process in a factory can also be called?
Work In Process Inventory
Sum of the value (at cost) of raw material, work in process, and finished goods inventory
Total Average Value of Inventory
What is the essential issue in satisfying customers in the Make-to-Stock environment?
To balance the level of finished inventory against level of service to the customer
What measure should you use if you want to evaluate the performance of a process?
Inventory Turn
Long term average rate that items are flowing through the process
Throughput
The time that it takes a unit to flow through the process from start to end
Flow Time
Inventory = Throughput X Flow time. This is called?
Little’s Law
Mathematically related inventory, throughput and flow time
Little’s Law
Strategic decision of selecting which kind of production processes to use
Process Selection
What are the five basic structures of a workflow?
- Project Layout
- Workcenter
- Manufacturing Cell
- Assembly Line
- Continuous Process
Product remains in a fixed location and manufacturing equipment is moved to the product. This structure is called?
Project Layout
Similar equipment or functions are grouped together where a part being worked on travels through an established sequence of operations. This structure is called?
Workcenter
Dedicated area where products that are similar in processing requirements are produced. Typically used in lower volume production levels. This is called?
Manufacturing Cell
Similar to an assembly line, production follows a predetermined sequence of steps but the flow is continuous. This is called?
Continuous Process
Where work processes are arranged according to progressive steps by which the product is made. This is called?
Assembly Line
The relationship between layout structures is known as?
Product-Process Matrix
Variations in the product that is produced is called?
Standardization
What’s the most common approach to developing a workcenter layout?
To arrange workcenters in a way that optimizes the movement of material
Formed by allocating dissimilar machines to cells that are designed to work on products that have similar shapes and processing requirements. This is known as a?
Manufacturing cell
The 3 steps of developing a manufacturing cell are?
- Group parts into families that follow a common sequence of steps
- Dominate flow patterns are identified in each family
- Machines and associated processes are physically regrouped into cells.
A layout design for the special purpose of building a product by going through a progressive set of steps
Assembly Line
Moving conveyor that passes a series of workstations in a uniform time interval
Workstation Cycle Time
Assigning all tasks to a series of workstations so each station has no more than can be done in a cycle and do idle time is minimized
Assembly Line Balancing
Specifies the order in which tasks must be performed in the assembly process
Precedence Relationship
What are ways we can accommodate a task that would take longer than the cycle period? (Ex. 40 sec task in a 36 second cycle) (name 6)
- Split the task
- Share the task
- Use Parallel Workstations
- Use a more skilled worker
- Work Overtime
- Redesign
