Ch 6 key concepts

Question 1

A gene is a sequence of DNA nucleotide bases that codes for a single protein. Approximately how many nucleotide bases would be required to code for a protein chain that is 100 amino acids long?

Answer 1

300

Question 2

DNA carries out two basic functions in cells: (1) information storage and transfer (genes can be copied and passed to offspring) and (2) the “blueprint” function (genes provide instructions for building proteins). The key process for information storage and transfer to offspring cells is _____.

Answer 2

DNA replication

Question 3

The central dogma describes how the genes in the nucleus work to produce an organism’s phenotype. Another way of putting it is that the central dogma follows the flow of information from _____.

Answer 3

DNA to protein

Question 4

tRNA molecules work to _____.

Answer 4

translate mRNA to produce a specific amino acid sequence

Question 5

A particular gene does NOT constantly churn out the same protein at all times in every cell. This is true for two reasons. First, _____ can allow one gene to produce several different proteins. Second, genes are constantly being turned on and off through the process of _____.

Answer 5

mRNA processing … gene regulation

Question 6

How are DNA and RNA different?

Answer 6

DNA contains the bases A, G, C, and T; RNA contains the bases A, G, C, and U. RNA nucleotides have uracil instead of thymine.