Ch. 6 Interaction of Sound and Media Flashcards
Sound waves weaken, or ______ as they travel through the body.
Sound waves weaken, or attenuate as they travel through the body.
After a transducer receives a sound wave during reception, the sound wave is converted into electrical sound. The signal is sent to the ultrasound system where it is strengthened or _____________________.
After a transducer receives a sound wave during reception, the sound wave is converted into electrical sound. The signal is sent to the ultrasound system where it is strengthened or amplified
Decibels are based on a mathematical construct called ______.
Decibels are based on a mathematical construct called logarithms
A _________ is a number that represents the number of 10s that are multiplied to create the original number.
A log is a number that represents the number of 10s that are multiplied to create the original number.
What is the log of 1,000?
We multiply 10 by itself 3 times to create the number 1,000 so the log of 1,000 is 3
Decibel notation does not measure absolute numbers; rather decibels report ________________ changes.
Decibel notation does not measure absolute numbers; rather decibels report relative changes
Positive decibels report signals that are ______ in strength or getting _______.
Positive decibels report signals that are increasing in strength or getting larger
When a waves intensity doubles, the relative change is ______.
When a waves intensity doubles, the relative change is postive 3 decibels
When intensity increases ten-fold, the relative change is ________.
When intensity increases ten-fold, the relative change is positive 10 decibels
Negative decibels describe signals that are ______________ in strength, or getting ________________.
Negative decibels describe signals that are decreasing in strength, or getting smaller.
When the intensity is reduced to 1/2 its original value, the relative change is _____________.
When the intensity is reduced to 1/2 its original value, the relative change is negative 3 decibels
When the intensity is reduced to 1/10 its original value the relative change is ______.
When the intensity is reduced to 1/10 its original value the relative change is negative 10 decibels
Every 3dB change means that the intensity will ____.
double
Every 10dB change means that the intensity will _____.
increase ten times
A reduction in the intensity of a sound beam to one-half of its original value is _____ dB.
-3dB
A reduction in the intensity of a sound beam to one-quarter of its original value is _____ dB.
-6dB
-10dB means that the intensity is reduced to __________ of its original value.
-10dB means that the intensity is reduced to one-tenth of its original value.
If the final intensity of a sound beam is more than the initial intensity, then the gain in dB is ____. (+ or -)
Positive. The beams intensity is increasing.
If the initial intensity of a sound beam is less than the final intensity, then the gain in dB is _____
Positive. The beams intensity is increasing.
Attenuation is determined by TWO factors:
- PATH LENGTH ( distance)
- FREQUENCY ( penetration)
Distance and attenuation are ______ related.
directly
Frequency and attenuation are ______ related.
directly
with longer distances and higher frequencies there is _____________ attenuation.
with longer distances and higher frequencies there is more attenuation
with shorter distances and lower frequencies there is _____________ attenuation.
with shorter distances and lower frequencies there is less attenuation