CH. 6 Histology and Physiology of Bones

Question 1

What are the functions of the skeletal system?

Answer 1

Support-weight of body. Cartilage is strong & flexible.
Ligaments- attach and hold bones together.
Protection-protects organs
Movement- produced between movement bones. Joints allow allow movement between bones.
Storage- Stores Calcium/Phosphate then releases as needed.
Blood cell production- Red blood marrow that gives blood rise to blood cells and platelets.

Question 2

What are the three types of cartilage?

Answer 2

Hyaline-Most intimatley associated w/ bone. Specialized cells produce collagen.
Fibrocartilage- Intervatable disc.
Elastic- external ear; flexible

Question 3

What is the most important type of Cartilage?

Answer 3

Hyaline

Question 4

What are Chonodroblasts?

Answer 4

Form matrix surrounding themselves bone

Question 5

What Chondrocytes?

Answer 5

When matrix surrounds chondroblats it becomes a chondrocyte.

Question 6

What is articular cartilage?

Answer 6

cover bones of joints.

Question 7

What are the two types of growth?

Answer 7

Appositional- Chondroblats add new cartilage

Interstitial- Chrondrocytes grow w/n tissue

Question 8

What percent is made of organic material, and what percent is made of inorganic material?

Answer 8

35% percent is made of organic material, and 65% percent is made of inorganic material of bones.

Question 9

If mineral is removed then bones become to?

Answer 9

Bendable

Question 10

If collagen is removed the bones become to?

Answer 10

Brittle

Question 11

Osteogenesis

Answer 11

imperfecta aka the brittle bone disorder. Caused by a gene mutation that leads to less collagen or normal collagen is abnormal. No cure.

Question 12

What are Osteoblats?

Answer 12

They build bones. (They have extensive ER, Glogi appartus, DNA)

Question 13

What is the formation of bones called?

Answer 13

Ossification or Osteogenesis

Question 14

What is are Osteocytes?

Answer 14

Mature bone cells after being surrounded surrounded by bone matrix.

Question 15

What is a Lacuna/e?

Answer 15

Spaces occupied by the osteocyte cell.

Question 16

What is a Canaliculi?

Answer 16

Canals occupied by osteocyte cell.

Question 17

What are Osteoclats?

Answer 17

Breakdown of bone. Helps reabsorb.

a) Hydrogen ions are pumped across the memebrane, acid forms, and eats away bone.
b) Release enzymes that digest bone.

Question 18

What is Spongy Bone?

Answer 18

It has less matrix. Its located in the interior of bones of skull, vertebrae, ends of long bones.

Question 19

What is Trabecular?

Answer 19

Interconnecting rods or plats of bone. Spaces filled with marrow and blood vessels.

Question 20

What is a Long Bone?

Answer 20

Grow for a long period.

Question 21

What is the Diaphysis?

Answer 21

Shaft of a long end of bone.

Question 22

What is the Epiphysis?

Answer 22

Growth of cartilage between diaphysis and end of bone.

Question 23

What is the Epiphysis Plate?

Answer 23

Growth (Hyaline cartilage)

Question 24

What is the Epiphyseal line?

Answer 24

Bone stop growing.

Question 25

What is the Medullary Cavity?

Answer 25

Children have red bone marrow. Adults/elders have yellow bone marrow.

Question 26

What is periosteum?

Answer 26

Connective tissue from membrane that covers outer service of bone.

Question 27

What Isintramembranous Ossification?

Answer 27

1) Produce woven bone
2) Take place in membrane.
3) Forms skull bone, parts of mandible, and diaphysis.

Question 28

What is the Endochondral Ossification?

Answer 28

1) Bones of base of skull, part of mandible, and epiphysis
2) Cartilage begins at 4th wk for development
3) Some ossification beginning @ wk 8. Some not until 18-20 years old.

Question 29

Bone Growth

Answer 29

Increases in size through appositional growth.

Question 30

Calcium homeostasis

Answer 30

Storage unit for calcium