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MedTerm > Ch. 6 Digestive > Flashcards

Ch. 6 Digestive Flashcards

1
Q

bilirubin

A

orange-yellow pigment formed during destruction of erythrocytes that is taken up by the liver cells to form bilirubin and extracted in feces

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2
Q

bolus

A

mass of masticated food

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3
Q

exocrine

A

gland that secretes its products through ext rectory ducts to the surface of an organ or tissue

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4
Q

sphincter

A

circular band of muscle fibers that constricts a passage or closes

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5
Q

triglycerides

A

a true fate, one glycerol and three fatty acids

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6
Q

or/o, stomat/o

A

mouth

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7
Q

glosso, linguo

A

tounge

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8
Q

bucco

A

cheek

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9
Q

cheilo, labio

A

lip

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10
Q

dento, ordonto,

A

teeth

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11
Q

gingivo

A

gum

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12
Q

sialo

A

saliva,

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13
Q

esophago

A

esophagus

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14
Q

pyloro

A

pylorus

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15
Q

entero

A

intestine (small)

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16
Q

colo, colono

A

colon

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17
Q

sigmoido

A

sigmoid colon

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18
Q

procto

A

anus, rectum

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19
Q

ano

A

anus

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20
Q

hepato

A

liver

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21
Q

cholangio

A

bile vessel

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22
Q

chol/e

A

bile, gall

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23
Q

cholescyst/o

A

gallbladder

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24
Q

choledocho

A

bile duct

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25
Q

-emesis

A

vomit

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26
Q

-iasis

A

abnormal condition

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27
Q

-megaly

A

enlargement

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28
Q

-orexia

A

appetite

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29
Q

-pepsia

A

digestion

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30
Q

-phagia

A

swallowing, eating

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31
Q

-prandial

A

meal

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32
Q

-rrhea

A

discharge, flow

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33
Q

dia-

A

through, across

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34
Q

peri-

A

around

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35
Q

sub-

A

under, below

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36
Q

anorexia

A

lack or loss of appetite

37
Q

appendictis

A

inflammation of the appendix

38
Q

ascites

A

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity as a result of chronic liver disease

39
Q

borborygmus

A

rum

40
Q

cachexia

A

physical wasting that includes loss of weight and muscle mass and is commonly associated with acquired immune deficiency syndrome and cancer

41
Q

cholelithiasis

A

presence or formation of gallstones

42
Q

cirrhosis

A

scarring and dysfunction of the liver caused by chronic liver disease

43
Q

Crohn disease

A

from of inflammatory bowel disease usually of the ileum

44
Q

dysentery

A

inflammation of the intestine especially the colon that may be caused by ingesting water or food containing chemical irritants, bacteria, etc

45
Q

dysphagia

A

inability or difficulty in swallowing

46
Q

eructation

A

producing gas from the stomach, usually belching

47
Q

fecalith

A

fecal concretion

48
Q

flatus

A

gas in GI tract, expelling air, usually through the anus

49
Q

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

A

back flow of gastric content into the esophagus due to malfunction of the sphincter

50
Q

halitosis

A

foul smelling breath

51
Q

hematemesis

A

vomiting of blood

52
Q

irritable bowel syndrome

A

symtom marked by abdominal pain and altered bowel function

53
Q

malabsorption syndrome

A

symptom of the small intestine characterized by the impaired passage of nutrients, minerals, fluids

54
Q

melena

A

passage of dark colored, tarry stools

55
Q

morbid obesity

A

BMI of 40 or greater

56
Q

obstipation

A

sever constipation

57
Q

oral leukoplakia

A

formation of white spots or patches on the mucous membrane of the tongue

58
Q

peristalsis

A

wavelike movement that occurs in the hollow tubes of the body

59
Q

pyloric stenosis

A

structure or narrowing of the pyloric sphincter

60
Q

steatorrhea

A

passage of fat in large amounts in the feces due to failure to digest and absorb

61
Q

nasogastric intubation

A

insertion of a tube through the nose into the stomach to relieve gastric distention

62
Q

anastomosis

A

surgical joining of ducts, etc

63
Q

ileorectal anastomosis

A

connection of ilium and rectum after total colectomy

64
Q

intestinal anastomosis

A

surgical connection of two portions of the intestine

65
Q

bariatric surgery

A

croup of procedures that treat morbid obesity

66
Q

vertical banded gastroplatsy

A

vertical stapling of the upper stomach near the esophagus to reduce it to a small pouch and insertion of a band that restricts food consumption

67
Q

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

A

stapling the stomach to decrease its size and then shortening the jejunum and connecting it to the small stomach pouch

68
Q

colostomy

A

creation of an opening of a portion of the colon through the abdominal wall to its outside surface in order to divert fecal flow

69
Q

lithotripsy

A

procedure for crushing a stone and eliminating its fragments

70
Q

extracorporeal shock-wave

A

use of shock waves as a noninvasive method to break up stones

71
Q

polypectomy

A

excision of a polyp

72
Q

pyloromyotomy

A

incision of the longitudinal and circular muscles of the pylorus

73
Q

gastrointestinal endoscopy

A

visual examination of the gastrointestinal tract using a flexible fiberoptic instrument

74
Q

hepatitis panel

A

panel of blood test that identifies the specific virus

75
Q

liver function tests

A

group of blood tests that evaluate liver injury, function, etc

76
Q

serum bilirubin

A

measurement of the level of bilirubin in the blood

77
Q

stool culture

A

test to identify micro organisms in feces

78
Q

stool guaiac

A

test applies substance called guaiac to stool to test hidden blood in feces

79
Q

oral cholecystography

A

radiographic images taken of the gallbladder after taking a material containing iodine

80
Q

sialography

A

radiologic examination of the salivary glands

81
Q

antacids

A

counteract and neutralize acid

82
Q

antidarrheals

A

control loose stools and relieve diarrhea by absorbing extra water

83
Q

antiemetics

A

control nausea and vomiting by blocking nerve impulse to the vomiting center of brain

84
Q

antipasmodics

A

decrease GI spasms by slowing peristalsis

85
Q

laxatives

A

increase peristaltic activity in large intestine or increasing water into bowel to induce defecation

86
Q

Ulcerative colitis

A

Inflammatory disease of the colon

87
Q

Mechanical obstruction

A

Intentional contents are prevented from moving forward due to an obstacle that blocks the lumen

88
Q

Non mechanical obstruction

A

When peristalsis is impaired and the intestinal contents cannot be propelled through the bowel

89
Q

Diverticulosis

A

Small blister like pockets develop in the inner lining of the large intestine and may balloon through the wall

MedTerm (5 decks)

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