Ch. 6: Cell Structure

Question 1

Light microscope (LM)

Answer 1

light passes through a specimen and then through glass lenses, which magnify the image. Can see movment.

Question 2

Scanning electron microscope (SEMs)

Answer 2

Focus a beam of electrons onto the surface of a specimen, providing images that look 3D. Shows smaller structures and kills it too.

Question 3

Transmission electron microscopes (TEMs)

Answer 3

focus a beam of electrons through a specimen, show internal structure, cross section. Kills it. Image.

Question 4

4 traits of all cells

Answer 4

• Cell membrane
• Cytosol (semifluid)
• Chromosomes
• Ribosomes

Question 5

Prokaryotic cells have no…

Answer 5

Nucleus, membrane bound organelles, and their dna is floating around the nucleoid area.

Question 6

Nucleus

Answer 6

contains most of the cells genes

Question 7

nuclear envelope and its pores

Answer 7

double membrane (lipid bilayer) that encloses the nucleus, seperating it from the cytoplasm.

pores: regulate the entry and exit of molecules from the nucleus

Question 8

Nuclear lamina

Answer 8

provides support/scaffolding to the nucleus. Comprised of protein.

Question 9

Nucleolus

Answer 9

Inside the nucleus. Where ribosomes are made to then exit and assemble protein in the cytoplasm.

Question 10

Free ribosomes

Answer 10

makes proteins in cytosol, and used in cytosol

Question 11

Bound ribosomes

Answer 11

Proteins that are made by ribosomes bound to a membrane, proteins are shipped out.

Question 12

Endomembrane system

Answer 12

a group of membranes and organelles in eukaryotic cells that works together to modify, package, and transport lipids and proteins.

Question 13

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 13

Makes lipids like oils, phospholipids, steroids (hormones), lots in testes, ovaries, liver. Detoxifies/ breaks down poison. No ribosomes.

Question 14

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 14

Has bound ribosomes that distributes transport vesicles containing proteins. Makes the membranes for the cell. Ribosomes make its surface studded.

Question 15

Golgi apparatus

Answer 15

Flattened membranous sacs. Acts as shipping center. Modifies, stores, and ships products of the er. Manufactures certain macromolecules. Polar.

Question 16

Lysosome

Answer 16

is a membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes (enzymes that break down molecules) that can digest macromolecules. If many break, can lyse (digest) the cell.

Question 17

Central vacuole:

Answer 17

In plant cells, holds organic compounds and water

Question 18

Contractile vacuoles

Answer 18

pump excess water out of cell. found in many freshwater protists

Question 19

Mitochondria

Answer 19

sites of cellular resperation, a metabolic process that generates ATP. In nearly all eukaryotic cells.

Question 20

Chloroplasts and their Thylakoids and Stroma

Answer 20

are the cites of photosynthesis

Thylakoids, membranous sacs, stacked to form a granum

Stroma, the internal fluid

Question 21

Peroxisomes

Answer 21

transfer/break down hydrogen to oxogen producing hydrogen peroxide and converts it into water. Ex. Liver and alcohol.

Question 22

Motor proteins

Answer 22

produce motility.

Question 23

Microtubules

Answer 23

the thickest and are for motility/movement. Cilia and flagella.

Question 24

Intermediate fillaments

Answer 24

support cell shape and fix organelles in place. Keratin. Hair nail horns.

Question 25

Microfilaments

Answer 25

are the thinnest and are for muscle contraction.

Question 26

cell wall

Answer 26

Maintains its shape and prevents exessive uptake of water. are in prokaryotes, fungi, and some protists.

Question 27

cell membrane

Answer 27

provides protection

Question 28

cytoplasm

Answer 28

holds the internal components of cells in place and protects them from damage

Question 29

centrosome

Answer 29

involved in the process of cell division.
the primary microtubule organizing center

Question 30

plasmodesmata

Answer 30

channels in between adjacent plant cells

Question 31

Extracellular matrix (ECM)

Answer 31

cover/surround animal cells. Made of collagen, proteoglycans and fibronectin. floating strands