Ch. 6 AP Human Geography (Religion) Flashcards
Universalizing Religions
A belief system that espouses the idea that there is one true religion that is universal in scope. Adherents of ______________ __________ systems often believe that their religion represents universal truths, and in some cases great effort is undertaken in evangelism.
Eastern Orthodoxy
The third biggest branch of Christianity(10%) following Roman Catholicism(50%) and Protestant (25%). Is a collection of 14 self-governing churches in Eastern Europe and the Middle East.
Dalai Lama
Name translates to ‘Oceanic Teacher’. or ‘universal priest’ that the Mongol khans invented and bestowed on a Tibetan lama (priest) in the late 1500s to legitimate their power in Tibet. Subsequently, the title of the religious and political leader of Tibet.
denomination
A division of a branch that unites a number of local congregations in a single legal and administrative body
ethnic religion
A religion with a relatively concentrated spatial distribution whose principles are likely to be based on the physical characteristics of the particular location in which its adherents are concentrated.
Golden Temple
The holiest shrine of Sikhism. It is located in Amritsar, and was founded by the fourth Guru, Guru Ram Das.
branch
A large and fundamental division within a religion.
Hinduism
Term for a wide variety of beliefs and ritual practices that have developed in the Indian subcontinent since antiquity. It has roots in ancient Vedic, Buddhist, and south Indian religious concepts and practices.
sect
A relatively small group that has broken away from an established denomination.
Roman Catholicism
The largest branch of Chrisitanity, which includes 50% of all Christians and large concentrations of followers in Latin America, French Canada, Central African, and Southern and Eastern Europe
Protestant
One of the three major branches of Christianity (together with the Eastern Orthodox Church and Roman Catholic Church). Following the widespread societal changes in Europe starting in the 1300s CD, many adherents to the Roman Catholic Church began to question the role of religion in their lives and opened the door to the Protestant Reformation wherein John Huss, Martin Luther, John Calvin, and others challenged many of the fundamental teachings of the Roman Catholic Church.
Christianity
Over 90% of people living in the Western Hemisphere practice this religion. 95% Roman Catholic in Latin America and approx. 25% in North America.
Coptic Church
The Egyptian Church; recognized by both Roman Catholic church and Orthodox Church, but independent of both
Ethiopian Church
Began in the 4th century, was a Christian country-state, one of the only pre-colonial churches on the continent of Africa and was once known as Coptic Christians
Armenian Church
An independent Christian church established in Armenia since 300
Maronites
The largest of the Christian groups in Lebanon, Mostly live in Lebanon, look to the pope but dont follow all the Catholic rules, speak aramaic,1,432,000 of these people in Lebanon, presence in mainly Islamic land causes political unrest.
Islam
The monotheistic religion of Muslims founded in Arabia in the 7th century and based on the teachings of Muhammad as laid down in the Koran. Approximately 1.3 billion people practice this religion which means “submission to the will of God”.
Five pillars
The obligatory religious duties of all Muslims; confession of faith, prayer, fasting during Ramadan, zakat(charity), and hajj
Sunni
Adherents to the largest branch of Islam, called the orthodox or traditionalist. They believe in the effectiveness of family and community in the solution of life’s problems, and they differ from the Shiites in accepting the traditions (sunna) of Muhammad as authoritative.
Shiite
A Muslim sect - other than the Sunni. Roughly 5 percent of all Muslims worldwide. The ________ make up 60 percent of Iraq’s population and almost all of Iran’s population.
Nation of Islam
A group of militant Black Americans who profess Islamic religious beliefs and advocate independence for Black Americans. Started by Elijah Muhammed
Elijah Muhammed
Created the Nation of Islam in America with members who were criminals. Believed in total separation of races. Murdered Malcom X, when he said that white folks were not as bad as he had thought.
Buddhism
This religion was founded by Siddhartha Gautama and explained the way to salvation through self-discipline and poverty. It evolved from Hinduism in northern India and Nepal.
Four Noble Truths
1) All life is full of suffering, pain, and sorrow. 2) The cause of suffering is nonvirtue, or negative deeds and mindsets such as hated and desire. 3) The only cure for suffering is to overcome nonvirture. 4) The way to overcome nonvirtue is to follow the Eightfold Path
Mahayana
“the Great Vehicle” - The largest of Buddhism’s three divisions, prevalent in China, Japan and Korea, encompasses a variety of forms, including those that emphasize devotion and prayer to the Buddhas and bodhisattvas.
Theravada
The remaining orthodox school of Buddhism, which adheres closely to the earliest scriptures and emphasizes individual efforts to liberate the mind from suffering
Tantrayana
Also called tantric buddhism (Tibet) “the diamond way”
reach nirvana in a single life time by using all persons powers including body to achieve enlightenment
