Ch 6 Animal Diversity

Question 0

What are some advantages of multicellularity

Answer 0

Dividing a mass into smaller units greatly increases the surface area available for metabolic activities

Question 1

What is true about sponges

Answer 1

The advent of multicellularity

They are the simplest multicellular animals

Question 2

How are sponges different from other metazoans?

Answer 2

The sponges body is an assemblage of cells embedded in and extracellular matrix and supported by A skeleton of spicules and protein

Question 3

What two grades are metazoans divided into?

Answer 3

Parazoa & eumetazoa

Question 4

What is the phylum of sponge

Answer 4

Porifera- means porous bearing

Question 5

What is a placozoan?

Answer 5

Marine organisms they are 2 to 3 mm in size they are made up of dorsal and ventral at the Celia with a synctial middle layer

Question 6

What is the syncytial middle layer made up of?

Answer 6

Consists of a single plasma membrane with multiple nuclei inside

Question 7

When does the synctium form?

Answer 7

When cells fuse

Question 8

How do sponges eat?

Answer 8

Sponges have pores and tiny canals that constitute a filter feeding system for there in active lifestyle

Question 9

What does sessile mean?

Answer 9

Use water currents to bring food and oxygen and carry away waste

Question 10

What is a spicule?

Answer 10

Calcium carbonate or silica and collagen

Question 11

Explain sponges organ system

Answer 11

They don’t have any organs or true tissues

Question 12

How does sponges reproduce

Answer 12

Disassociated sponge cells can reform a new body

Question 13

Explain the sponge body in three points

Answer 13

No nervous system or sense organs
Simplest contractile elements
Brightly colored because of pigments in dermal cells

Question 14

How old are sponges

Answer 14

They can date back to the Cambrian period

Question 15

What are the four classes or perforans

Answer 15

1. Calcarea (having calcareous spicules)
2. Dermospongiae (having a skeleton of silieous spicules or spongin or both)
3. Hexactinellida (having 6-rayed silocaeus spicules)
4. Homoscleromorpha (thin, encrusting, sponges that have simple spicules or none

Question 16

How many sponge species are there

Answer 16

5000 or more

Question 17

How many species of freshwater sponge are there

Answer 17

Around 150

Question 18

Describe the sponge embryos

Answer 18

They are free swimming

Question 19

Do adult sponges move around?

Answer 19

Adults are always attached to rocks, shells, corals, or other submerged objects

Question 20

What three things do growth patterns depend on

Answer 20

1. Shape of substratum
2. Direction/speed of current
3. Availability of space

Question 21

What is a commensal?

Answer 21

Parasites

Question 22

What are some commensals for sponges?

Answer 22

Crabs, mites, nudibranchs, bryozoans, and fish

Question 23

Why do sponges have few enemies?

Answer 23

They have an elaborate skeletal frame work, they have a noxious odor, and they taste bad

Question 24

What kind of chemicals to sponges produce?

Answer 24

Bioactive

Question 25

What can bio active chemicals given off by the sponges be used for?

Answer 25

They can be treated for leishmaniasis, herpetic infections and antimicrobial and antiviral effects