Ch. 6: Aldehydes and Ketones I

Question 1

carbonyl

Answer 1

double bond between a carbon and an oxygen

Question 2

suffix for aldehydes

Answer 2

• al instead of - e

methanal, ethanal, propanal

Question 3

prefix for aldehyde substituents

Answer 3

oxo- or carbaldehyde-

Question 4

suffix for ketones

Answer 4

• one instead of - e

2-propanone, 2-butanone, 3-butanoic acid

Question 5

prefix for ketone substituents

Answer 5

oxo- or keto-

Question 6

why is the dipole of a carbonyl stronger than an alcohol

Answer 6

double bonded oxygen is more electron withdrawing

Question 7

why is the elevation of boiling point lower for carbonyls than alcohols

Answer 7

despite more polar dipoles there is no hydrogen bonding in carbonyls

Question 8

do carbonyls act as electrophiles or nucleophiles

Answer 8

ELECTROPHILES

electron withdrawing oxygen double bond makes carbon partially positive and a target of nucleophiles

Question 9

nucleophilic addition reaction mechanism

Answer 9

nucleophile attacks carbonyl carbon –> double bond break, electrons move to oxygen –> a good leaving group will leave and double bond reforms OR poor leaving group stays and oxygen is pronated, forming an alcohol

Question 10

ketone/aldehyde + 1 equiv water –>

Answer 10

hemiacetal/hemiketal

Question 11

ketone/aldehyde + 2 equiv water –>

Answer 11

acetal/ketal

Question 12

imine

Answer 12

nitrogen atom double bonded to a carbon atom

Question 13

enamine

Answer 13

imine tautomer

Question 14

cyanohydrin

Answer 14

molecule with CN group and OH group

Question 15

what do aldehydes form when oxidized

Answer 15

carboxylic acid

KMnO4, CrO3, Ag2O, H2O2

Question 16

what do aldehydes and ketones form when reduced?

Answer 16

alcohols

LiAlH4, NaBH4