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HBSE Chapters 5-7 > Ch 6 > Flashcards

Ch 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What is it meant by “melting pot?”

A

That different cultures become blended into a uniquely “American culture.”

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2
Q

To say that America is more like a tossed salad means what?

A

That diverse groups retain & share their distinctive subcultural flavors while living together in a larger society. Also known as Cultural Pluralism

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3
Q

What are some obvious elements of culture that are observable?

A

language, clothing, body adornment, music, dance, & arcihtecture

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4
Q

What does culture include?

A

Shared beliefs as well as behaviors

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5
Q

What does culture promote?

A

A sense of group solidarity

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6
Q

What does the dominant culture reflect?

A

It is a reflection of the power of its members as well as their numbers; the dominant culture is supported by society’s social institutions.

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7
Q

Who are cultural minorities?

A

Recent immigrant groups with distinct languages & traditions, largely from non-European countries

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8
Q

Cultural minorities also include what groups?

A

African Americans who were brought over as slaves; Native Americans who owned land 1st.

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9
Q

Why have racial minority groups not been fully assimilated into the mainstream?

A

Because of their physical characteristics

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10
Q

Other disadvantaged groups consists of whom?

A

Gays, lesbians, disabled peopel

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11
Q

What is the purpose of recognized communities that many minorities have?

A

To protect the social identity of its members in the face of stigma

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12
Q

Many minorities are enriched by their what, & shared traditions?

A

Identificational community

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13
Q

What are the 3 categories of new arrivals to America?

A

Immigrants, refugees, & undocumented workers

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14
Q

Immigrants:

A

Most come voluntarily, responding to “pull,” & “push” factors. Pull factor-dreams of joining relatives, achieving success. Push factor: escaping squalor & starvation

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15
Q

What is a minority?

A

A population or group that shares a distinctive identity & is subjected to stigma, prejudice, discrimination, & oppression

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16
Q

Does minority automatically connote smaller #s?

A

No;rather a subordinate position in society.

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17
Q

Haitians are referred to as what?

A

Economic immigrants & are not welcome in the US

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18
Q

What are refugees?

A

Those forced from their home countries by war or political conditions; their lives would be endangered should they attempt to return.

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19
Q

Who are undocumented aliens?

A

Unskilled laborers who are here illegally trying to find work.

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20
Q

What advantage do light skinned newcomers have?

A

That of blending in with the majority group. Greater chance of becoming members of the dominant culture

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21
Q

Immigrants with darker skin received what than those w/lighter skin?

A

Lower wages

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22
Q

What other factors make assimilation easier?

A

Youth, education, bilingualism, the degree of similarity of the background culture to the mainstream culture.

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23
Q

What does cultural assimilation mean?

A

Being able to function on equal terms with the rest of society by understanding & following cultural norms

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24
Q

What does marital assimilation mean?

A

High rates of intermarriage between members of diff. groups

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25
Q

What does it mean to be bi-cultural?

A

Those individuals who are able to successfully negotiate more than one culture, usually the dominant one plus their own. Common for 1st generation refugees & immigrants; African American children who have been prepared to deal with negative encounters from dom. coulture

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26
Q

What is race based on?

A

Observations of physical differences

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27
Q

What is ethnicity characterized by?

A

Distinctions in language, customs, values, beliefs, holidays, music, food, etc. These are shared by people w/a common history, & @ one time a common geographic location.

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28
Q

Americans whose ancestors or who themselves came form non-European areas of the world & can be identified thru the color of their skin are referred to as what?

A

People of color

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29
Q

When did the idea of race begin?

A

When European explorers began encountering people who looked different than them

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30
Q

What are racial categories based on?

A

Physical characteristics; hair texture, facial features, skin color & body build

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31
Q

The dual influence of race or ethnicity & socioeconomic class status is what?

A

Ethclass

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32
Q

What is prejudice?

A

Negative attitudes often based on stereotypes

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33
Q

What is discrimination?

A

An unfavorable ACTION or treatment, directed towards a minority

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34
Q

A pattern of discrimination that is long term, systematic, & institutionalized is what?

A

Oppression

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35
Q

Xenophobia is the fear of or contempt for what?

A

Anything foreign

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36
Q

The beliefs & practices that favor native born citizens over immigrants is what?

A

Nativism

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37
Q

A special advantage or benefit enjoyed by a group or population as the result of other;s oppression is known as?

A

Priviledge

38
Q

This is the assumption that race makes no difference in people’s lives

A

Color blindness

39
Q

What does WASP stand for?

A

White Anglo Saxon Protestant

40
Q

American emphasis on work is derived from?

A

A Puritan heritage that valued work for its own sake.

41
Q

What is the Protestant work ethic recognized for?

A

The moral basis for the American capitalistic economic system & policies in social welfare

42
Q

Work for economic gain is considered to be what?

A

The path to success, a sign of prosperity, & a moral obligation

43
Q

What are some characteristics of American culture?

A

Belief in the importance of individual rights over those of the family, the collective, & community; competition & morality

44
Q

What is the 2nd largest minority group in America?

A

African Americans

45
Q

What was The Great Migration?

A

African Americans left the South for the North, looking for better job opportunities

46
Q

What is the enduring cultural bond Blacks brought from Africa?

A

Strong kinship bonds. More likely than whites to care for older adults & extended family. Grandparent caregivers most common in Afr. Amer pop

47
Q

In the Afr. Amer. culture, what is most important after family?

A

Religion

48
Q

What are central to the Afr. Amer culture?

A

Achievement & work orientation

49
Q

Where do Arab Americans trace their ancestry?

A

22 countries in the Mid East

50
Q

Tor F: Arab Americans are better educated & have higher median incomes than other Americans

A

Tru

51
Q

What abolished discrimination based on national origin & ended 40 years of Asian exclusion?

A

The Immigration & Naturalization Act of 1965

52
Q

The majority of South Asians who arrived in America since 1995 are what?

A

Educated, wealthy, & urban. Most are in the health care field

53
Q

Most S.,Asians share what religious identities?

A

Hindu or Muslims

54
Q

What is the difference between most immigrants and the Indochinese refugees?

A

The Indochinese refugees survived a stressful, frightening, & often traumatic escape to freedom

55
Q

What does Confucianism teach?

A

The importance of maintaining social harmony; emphasizes a hierarchical or vertical order of society on the basis of age, gender, & social position

56
Q

What does Buddhism stress?

A

The values of self-control, humility, generosity, mercy, & cultivating a correct life style

57
Q

Why are Asian Americans often called the “model minority?”

A

B/c they seem to have succeeded economically, socially, & educationally without confrontations with the white majority

58
Q

What can the economic success of Asian Americans be attributed to?

A

Cultural values such as self-discipline, an emphasis on education, & a strong entrepreneurial spirit

59
Q

Who are the fastest growing minority group in America?

A

Latinos

60
Q

What state has the highest # of Latinos?

A

California; Latinos have a fertility rate that is about 40% higher than Americans. Cali also has largest amount of Native Americans

61
Q

What is a unifying force among Latinos?

A

Dominance of the Spanish language

62
Q

How can Latinos be divided?

A

Along lines of class, race, & culture

63
Q

Hispanic is used mostly by?

A

The governement

64
Q

What is preferred amongst most Latinos?

A

Latino/a

65
Q

Is Hispanic & Latino a racial classification?

A

No

66
Q

What does LaRoza mean and connote?

A

Means “the people,” & connotes pride in the pluralistic Spanish, Native American & Mexican culture

67
Q

The majority of Latinos in the US trace their roots to where?

A

Mexico

68
Q

How did most Cuban-Americans come to this country?

A

As refugees

69
Q

What is the most formal organization in the Latino community?

A

The church

70
Q

Latinos account for over a third of religion in the US?

A

Roman Catholics

71
Q

What does familism mean to Latinos?

A

Pride or closeness in their families

72
Q

Mexican American households are likely to be extended & include whom?

A

Brothers, sisters, cousins & members of the generation preceding the household head.

73
Q

Undocumented Latino workers take what type of jobs?

A

Those that are unattractive to most Americans

74
Q

What are remittances?

A

What Latinos often send back to family members in their country ($$)

75
Q

The term Native American refers to whom?

A

Indigenous people who are native to the North Amer continent

76
Q

How does the Federal Bureau of Indian Affairs define Native Americans?

A

A person whose blood is at least 1/4 Native American Indian

77
Q

The term tribe is usually a designation for what?

A

Kinship; whereas a Nation has a political organization

78
Q

Why are Native Americans considered an “invisible” minority (outside of Alaska)?

A

B/c they are concentrated in so few states and many live on reservations

79
Q

What does the term Pan-Indianism refer to?

A

Intertribal social movements in which sevral tribes unite in common identity

80
Q

Powwows are what?

A

Dancing, singing, competitions that are organized events that celebrate Native American culture & educate the general public

81
Q

What does “white ethnic” refer to?

A

Immigrants from Europe whose language *& culture have differed from WASPs

82
Q

What are the components of the Social Identity Theory?

A

1) we find it useful to categorize people, 2) we associate ourselves with certain groups (in-groups), & 3) we compare our group to other groups (out-groups) with a built-in bias favoring our group

83
Q

What is the Functionalist Perspective on Understanding race & ethnicity?

A

That society functions better as a whole when everyone shares the same culture.; emphasizes how the parts of society are structured to maintain its stability.

84
Q

What is the Conflict Perspective on race & ethnicity?

A

Argues that powerful people use prejudice & discrimination to hold onto their status in society by exploiting minorities.

85
Q

What is the premise for the accusation of brain drain?

A

Conflict theorists say that the U.S promotes the immigration of skilled technicians & professionals away from their homes in developing nations where their talents are needed.

86
Q

What is the Constructionist Perspective on race and ethnicity?

A

“race” is a social construct. Labels produce prejudice and lead to selective perception or filtering (they cause people to pay attention to certain things & ignore others)

87
Q

What does the term internal colonialism used to describe?

A

Treatment of subordinate groups like colonial subjects by those in power

88
Q

What were Jim Crow Laws?

A

Laws in the South that enforced segregation in housing, employment, education & all public accommodations

89
Q

What are slave codes?

A

Laws developed to restrict the rights of slaves

90
Q

What did “Brown vs. Board of Education” decide?

A

That separate but equal was unconstitutional

91
Q

Read the following pages:

A

bottom of 130-133. I am TIRED of typing!!!

HBSE Chapters 5-7 (3 decks)

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