CH 6-9 Review Q's

Question 1

What is the function of the skeletal system?

Answer 1

1. Support
2. Hematopoietic site
3. Storage
4. Povideing levers for muscle activity

Question 2

A bone with approximately the same width, length, and height is most likely?

Answer 2

A Short Bone

Question 3

The shaft of a long bone is properly called the?

Answer 3

Diaphysis

Question 4

Sites of hematopoiesis include all but?

a. red marrow cavities of spongy bone
b. the diploe of flat bones
c. medullary cavities in bones of infants
d. medullary cavities in bones of a healthy adult

Answer 4

D. medullary cavities in bones of healthy adult

Question 5

An osteon has?

a. a central canal carrying blood vessels
b. concentric lamellae
c. osteocytes in lacunae
d. canaliculi that connect lacunae to the central canal
e. all of these

Answer 5

e. all of these

Question 6

The organic portion of matrix is important in providing all but?

a. Tensile Strength
b. hardness
c. ability to resit strethch
d. flexibility

Answer 6

b. hardness

Question 7

The flat bones of the skull develop from?

Answer 7

Fiborous Connective Tissue

Question 8

The remodeling of bone is a function of which cells?

Answer 8

Osteoblasts and Osteoclasts

Question 9

Bone remodeling in adults is regulated and directed mainly by?

Answer 9

Mechanical Stress and PTH

Question 10

Where within the epiphyseal plate are the dividing cartilage cells located?

Answer 10

Farthest from the shaft

Question 11

Wolffs law is concerned with?

Answer 11

The thickness and shape of a bone being determined by mechanical and gravitaitional stesses placed on it

Question 12

Formation of the bony callus in fracture repair is followed by?

Answer 12

bone remodeling to convert woven bone to compact bone

Question 13

The fracture type in which bone ends are incompletely separated?

Answer 13

Greenstick

Question 14

The disorder in which bones are porous and thin but bone composition is normal is?

Answer 14

Osteoporosis

Question 15

What are the functions of bones?

Answer 15

1. Support
2. Protection
3. Movement
4. Mineral and Growth factor Storage
5. Blood cell formation (hematopoiesis)
6. Triglyceride (fat) storage

Question 16

Where is hyline cartilage found?

Answer 16

Catilage in nose, Cartilage of joint, Costal catilage, Thyroid cartilage, Trachea, cricoid cartilage, lung

Question 17

Where is Elastic cartilage found?

Answer 17

Epiglottis, Cartilage in ear

Question 18

Where is Fibrocartilage found?

Answer 18

Cartilage in intervertebral dic, meniscus , pubic symphysis

Question 19

What are the stages of Endochondral Ossification in Long bone?

Answer 19

1. Bone collar forms
2. Cartilage in the center of the diaphysis calsifies then develops cavities
3. Periuosteal bud invades the internal cavities and spongy bone develops
4. The diaphysis elongates and medullary cavity forms
5. The epiphyses Ossify

Question 20

What are the stages of Intramembranous Ossification?

Answer 20

1. Ossification center appearin fiborous connective tissue
2. Bone Matrix (osteoid) is secreted within fiborous membrane and calcifies
3. Woven bone and periosteum form
4. Lamellar bone replaces woven bone, red marrow appears

Question 21

Explain Bone Deposit?

Answer 21

Occurs when bone is injured or added strength is needed

osteocytes are marked by precence of osteoid seam (10-12 nm)

Question 22

Explain Bone Reorption?

Answer 22

accomplished by osteoclasts (break down bone)

Question 23

Match the key terms with the appropriate descriptions: Key: (a) fibrous joints (b) cartilaginous joints (c) synovial joints

1. exhibit joint cavity
2. types of sutures and syndesmoses
3. bones connected by collagen fibers
4. types include synchondroses and symphyses
5. all are diarthrotic
6. many are amphiarthrotic
7. bones connected by disc of hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage
8. nearly all are synarthrotic
9. shoulder, hip, jaw, and elbow joints

Answer 23

1. synovial
2. fibrous
3. fibrous
4. cartilaginous
5. synovial
6. cartilaginous
7. cartilaginous
8. fibrous
9. synovial

Question 24

Freely movable joints are?

Answer 24

diarthrosis

Question 25

Anatomical characteristics of a synovial joint include? a. articular cartilage b. a joint cavity c. an articular capsule d. all of the above

Answer 25

d. all the above

Question 26

Factors that influence the stability of a synovial joint include? a. shape of articular surface b. precence of strong reinforcing ligaments c. tone of surrounding muscles d. all of these

Answer 26

d. all of these

Question 27

The description " Articular surfaces deep and secure; capsule heavily reinforced by ligaments and muscle tendons; extremely stable joint" best decribes?

Answer 27

The hip joint

Question 28

Ankylosis means?

Answer 28

immobility of a joint due to fusion of its articular surfaces

Question 29

An autoimmune dissorderin which joints are affected billaterally and which involves pannus formation and gradual joint immobilization is ?

Answer 29

Rheumatoid arthritis

Question 30

**_Structural classification of Joints_** Synarthrosis= immovable joints amphiarthrosis= slightly moveable diarthrosis= freely moveable A) Fiborous Joints(immovable): 1. sutures 2. syndesmoses 3. gomphoses B) Cartilaginous Joints (not highly moveable) 1. synchondroses 2. symphyses C) Synovial Joints (freely moveable)

Question 31

The connective tissue covering that encloses the sarcolemma of an individual muscle fiber is called the?

Answer 31

Endomysium

Question 32

A fasicle is a?

Answer 32

bundle of muscle fibers enclosed by a connective tissue sheath

Question 33

Thick and this microfilaments have different compositions. for each descriptive phrase, indicate whether the filament is? 1. Contains Actin 2. contains ATPases 3. attaches to the Z disc 4. contains myosin 5. contains troponin 6. does not lie in the I band

Answer 33

1. thin 2. thick 3. thin 4. thick 5. thin 6. thick

Question 34

The function of the T tubules in muscle contraction is to?

Answer 34

Transmit the action potential deep into the muscle cells

Question 35

The sites where the motor nerve impulse is transmitted from the nerve endings to the skeletal muscle cell membranes are the?

Answer 35

nueromuscular junctions

Question 36

Contraction elicited by a single brief stimulus is called?

Answer 36

A twitch

Question 37

A smooth, sustained contraction resulting from very rapid stimulation of the muscle, in which no evidence of relaxation is seen, is called?

Answer 37

fused tetanus

Question 38

**Characteristics of isometric contractiions include all but?** a. shortening b. increased muscle tension throughout the contraction phase c. absence of shortening d. use in resistance training

Answer 38

Shortening

Question 39

**_During muscle contraction, ATP is provided by?_** ***a.** a coupled reaction of creatine phosphate with ADP* ***b.** aerobic respiration of glucose* ***c**. anaerobic glycolysis* (1) Which provides ATP fastest? (2) Which does (do) not require that oxygen be available? (3) Which provides the highest yeild of ATP per glucose molecule? (4) Which results in the formationof lactic acid? (5) Which has carbon dioxide and water products (6) Which is most important in endurance sports?

Answer 39

1. coupled reaction of creatine phosphate with ADP 2. coupled reaction of creatine phosphate with ADP 3. Aerobic respiration of glucose 4. anaerobic glycolysis 5. Aerobic respiration of glucose 6. Aerobic respiration of glucose

Question 40

The neurotransmitter released by somatic motor neurons is?

Answer 40

Acetylcholine

Question 41

The ions that enter the skeletal muscle cell during action potential generation are?

Answer 41

sodium ions

Question 42

Myoglobin has a special function in muscle tissue. It?

Answer 42

holds a reserve supply of oxygen in the muscle

Question 43

**Aeriobic exercise results in all the following except?** a. increased cardiovascular system efficiency b. more mitochandria in the muscle cells c. increased size and strength of existing muscle cells d. increased neuromuscular system coordination

Answer 43

c. increased size and strength of existing muscle cells

Question 44

The smooth muscle type found in the walls of digestive and urinary system organs and that exhibits gap junctions and pace maker cells is?

Answer 44

single unit

Question 45

What are the functions of muscles?

Answer 45

1. Movement 2. Posture and Body Position 3. Stabilizing Joints 4. Generating Heat 5. Additional Functions

Question 46

Steps leading to muscle Contraction? Phase 1

Answer 46

1. Action Potential (AP) arrives at axon terminal at neuromuscular junction 2. ACh released 3. Ion permeability of sarcolemma changes 4. Local change in membrane voltage (depolarization) occurs 5. local depolarization ignites AP in sarcolemma

Question 47

Steps leading to muscle contraction? Phase 2

Answer 47

1. AP travels across the entire sarcolemma 2. AP travels along T tubules 3. SR releases Ca2+, Ca2+ binds to troponnin, myosin sites on actin exposed 4. Myosin heads bind to actin, contraction begins